(ENEM 2022) - Question Hard of Biology

During puberty, significant changes occur in the human body due to the activation of the reproductive system. This process is controlled by hormones, which act on the sexual organs and also on other body systems. Explain how the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus, both located in the brain, interact to control puberty. In addition, discuss the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the development and maintenance of reproductive structures, and how these hormones can be targets for regulation in infertility treatments. Finally, mention and briefly explain a medical condition that may arise due to alterations in the functioning of the reproductive system during puberty.

Biocycles are large sets of ecosystems that share specific characteristics related to the nature of the environment in which they live and the life forms that inhabit it. Considering the three biocycles: epinocycle, talassocycle, and limnocycle, which one refers to the set of terrestrial ecosystems?

In a pea crossing experiment, Gregor Mendel observed the independent segregation of two different characteristics of the organism. Based on Mendel's Second Law, known as the Law of Independent Assortment, which of the alternatives below correctly represents the phenotypic ratios observed in a dihybrid cross when the characteristics are controlled by two pairs of alleles?