(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of Sciences

During a practical Physical Education class, the 6th-grade students performed a series of physical exercises that required greater aerobic effort, such as running and push-ups. Observing that, after the practice, some students had difficulty recovering their breath and maintaining regular breathing, the teacher decided to propose an interdisciplinary reflection on the respiratory system. To start the discussion, she contextualized the common situation of athletes who, after intense effort, need a recovery period to normalize breathing and heart rate. The teacher related this phenomenon to the principle of the cardiovascular system, which involves the transport of oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body. Following this approach, the activity was directed towards an analysis of the functions of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in the human body, focusing on the relationship between heart rate, blood circulation, and lung capacity. Based on this educational scenario, and considering knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the human body, describe how lung capacity can influence an athlete's performance during intense physical activity and explain the importance of heart rate in the context of breathing and blood circulation.