(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Sciences

Imagine that our body is like a very large city, and the blood needs to reach all parts of this city to deliver oxygen and nutrients. The circulatory system is like the road network of this city, with the heart being the central pumping station and the veins and arteries being the avenues and streets through which the blood travels. Based on what you have learned about the circulatory system, explain how the heart, veins, and arteries work together to circulate blood through the body and mention at least one important function of each of these components.

Exotic and invasive species are those that, due to human transportation, are taken to other ecosystems and end up becoming a non-native species, which can affect local biodiversity. For example, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was introduced in Brazil in the mid-20th century for food production. What is the biggest risk of this species to Brazilian biodiversity?

The evolution of the Solar System is a complex process that involves the formation of stars, planets, and other celestial bodies from a large cloud of gas and dust. Studying this evolution not only expands our knowledge of the cosmos but also allows us to understand fundamental aspects of physics and chemistry. On the other hand, ancient cultures developed mythologies and interpretations about the origin and evolution of celestial bodies, often based on astronomical observations and their own traditions. Considering the historical and scientific context, describe the evolution of the Solar System from its beginning in a molecular cloud to the formation and stabilization of planets. Explain how the observations and interpretations of ancient cultures can be related to this evolutionary process, even though they did not have the scientific knowledge we have today.