(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of Sciences

Consider that a group of geologists is planning an expedition to study the inner layers of the Earth and they need to determine the best way to collect and analyze data to understand the differences between the mantle and the core, especially from observations of earthquakes occurring in distant regions. Based on your knowledge of the propagation of seismic waves and Earth's structural models: (1) Explain how differences in the propagation speed of P and S waves at different depths can help geologists infer the composition and physical state of the Earth's internal layers. (2) Propose a data collection method and analysis that geologists could use to determine if a specific region of the mantle exhibits characteristics more similar to the upper mantle or the lower mantle, considering evidence from a recent earthquake that occurred on the other side of the globe.