(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of Physical Education

Many people confuse the concepts of physical activity and exercise, although they are related, they have important differences. Explain the difference between physical exercise and physical activity and propose two alternatives of physical exercises that can be practiced within the school environment and two other activities that can be practiced outside the school environment.

The practice of hockey extends across different cultures around the world, being adapted in their styles and rules for ice rinks, grass fields, and even aquatic environments. Aspects such as technical skills, game strategy, and understanding of the rules are fundamental for the players' performance. In the context of an ice hockey match, the contact force between the stick and the puck, combined with the speed of the movement, determine the trajectory and the kinetic energy involved in the athletes' actions. Consider a player who applies a tangential force of 250 N using his hockey stick at an angle of 30° relative to the horizontal plane when making a pass. Disregarding the effects of air resistance and considering that the puck has a mass of 150 g, determine the acceleration of the puck at the moment of the pass and the component of the force that contributes to the change in kinetic energy of the puck in the direction of movement.

Football, considered a national passion sport in Brazil, is widely used as a means of social interaction and also in the political sphere. Furthermore, it is essential to know the rules and positions for a better understanding and practice of this sport. Therefore, what are the four basic positions of football players on the field?

In Physical Education class, 2nd grade students were challenged to practice a sport that requires precision and motor coordination. Using a lighter dart adapted to their age, they should throw it towards a target painted on the ground, trying to hit the center. The teacher noticed that many students were having difficulty adjusting the throwing force to hit the desired target, so he decided to teach a strategy. He explained that to hit the center of the target, it was necessary to consider the distance, the weight of the dart, and the thrower's strength. Taking these aspects into account, the teacher asked the students to calculate the ideal launch angle so that the dart would cover most of the distance in the air, staying close to the ground, thus avoiding significant deviation in its trajectory caused by gravitational force. As the students were learning about the effects of gravity and the influence of parabolic trajectory on throws, the teacher introduced the following question: 'If a student must throw the dart a distance of 5 meters, and considering that the dart will be thrown from a height that does not significantly affect its range, what should be the launch angle for the dart to hit the ground as close as possible to the target without surpassing it?'