Question bank: Construction of Morality

When analyzing the construction of morality, Immanuel Kant proposed that 'a man is morally good when he acts out of duty, and not out of inclination'. Considering this point of view, discuss how Kantian philosophy can be applied to solve ethical dilemmas in everyday life, such as the case of a student who, when witnessing a bullying situation at school, must decide between intervening to defend the classmate or remaining silent to avoid possible retaliation from the aggressors. Evaluate the implications of Kant's categorical imperative in this context, and develop an argument justifying the action that, according to the Kantian perspective, would be the most morally correct, basing your response on the philosophical concepts presented by the author.

Morality is a fundamental aspect of life in society, guiding the actions and interactions among individuals. In 'Critique of Practical Reason', Immanuel Kant argues that the categorical imperative, a moral rule that imposes itself unconditionally and must be followed by any rational being, regardless of their desires or needs, is the basis for the construction of a consistent and universal morality. Considering the Kantian perspective, explain how the application of the categorical imperative could guide a student's behavior in everyday situations, such as: (1) deciding whether or not to cheat on a test, (2) choosing between gossiping about a classmate or maintaining discretion, and (3) helping a classmate who is being bullied. Relate each situation to one of the formulations of the categorical imperative to exemplify its practical application.

Throughout the history of Philosophy, the foundations of morality and ethics have been discussed and redefined by different thinkers and philosophical currents. The construction of morality, therefore, presents a variety of proposals and perspectives on what is right and wrong, as well as on the moral nature of the human being. Considering this context, which of the following philosophers advocated the idea that ethics and morality are universal and should be based on human reason?

The philosopher Immanuel Kant argued that morality is based on the categorical imperative, a principle that establishes universal rules applicable to all human beings, regardless of their desires or particular interests. Based on this Kantian understanding of morality, which of the following statements is correct?

Imagine you are participating in a forum discussing the construction of morality and the application of ethical values in the social context. During the debate, one of the participants argues that, in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, individual morality should give way to collective survival, justifying actions that would be considered unethical in normal times. Based on Kant's ethical theory, discuss and analyze the validity of this argument, considering the distinction between deontological ethics and consequentialist ethics. In your text, address the practical applicability of Kantian principles in crisis situations, and evaluate whether personal morality should be subordinated to collective need, as suggested by the debate participant.