Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of natural disasters and natural changes, identifying the main characteristics of each and the differences between them.
2. Develop the ability to analyze and interpret data and images of natural disasters and changes, relating them to the presented theoretical concepts.
3. Apply the acquired knowledge to discuss the importance of prevention and mitigation of natural disasters, considering the human impact and possible actions.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate critical thinking and students' argumentation skills when discussing the topic.
• Develop research skills and information synthesis when performing practical activities.
• Promote environmental awareness, highlighting the relationship between humans and nature.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Content Review:

   • The teacher starts the lesson by reviewing fundamental concepts that were previously studied and are relevant to understanding the lesson's topic. Concepts such as ecosystems, natural phenomena, and human action on the environment are briefly revisited. (3 - 4 minutes)

2. Problem Situations:

   • The teacher proposes two problem situations to stimulate students' curiosity and introduce the lesson's topic. The first situation could be: 'Imagine a volcanic island in the middle of the ocean. What would happen if the volcano on this island erupted?' The second situation could be: 'How do scientists predict the occurrence of an earthquake and what actions can be taken to minimize the damages caused by it?' (3 - 4 minutes)

3. Contextualization:

   • The teacher contextualizes the importance of studying natural disasters and changes, explaining how these phenomena can affect people's lives and the planet as a whole. Real examples of recent disasters, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, can be cited to illustrate the topic's relevance. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Topic Introduction:

   • To spark students' interest, the teacher presents two curiosities related to the topic. The first curiosity could be: 'Did you know that a volcano eruption can cause changes in the climate worldwide?' The second curiosity could be: 'Did you know that earthquakes are more common in some regions of the planet than in others? This is related to the movement of tectonic plates.' (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory Presentation (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Definition of Natural Disasters: The teacher begins the theory presentation by defining what natural disasters are. Explains that they are extreme events caused by natural forces that can result in significant damage to the environment and society. Examples of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and floods, are presented and briefly explained. (2 - 3 minutes)
   • Definition of Natural Changes: Next, the teacher presents the definition of natural changes, explaining that they are alterations that occur on the planet over time due to natural processes. Examples of natural changes, such as the movement of tectonic plates, melting of polar ice caps, and desert formation, are discussed. (2 - 3 minutes)
   • Difference between Natural Disasters and Natural Changes: The teacher highlights the differences between natural disasters and natural changes, emphasizing that while disasters are punctual and short-lived events, changes are continuous and long-lasting processes. Additionally, it is emphasized that disasters can be disastrous for society, while changes can have both positive and negative effects. (2 - 3 minutes)
   • Prediction and Prevention of Natural Disasters: The teacher briefly discusses the prediction and prevention of natural disasters, explaining that although it is difficult to predict with precision when and where these events will occur, scientists have developed methods to anticipate and minimize their impacts. Examples of prevention measures, such as building earthquake-resistant buildings and implementing tsunami warning systems, are presented. (2 - 3 minutes)
   • Human Impact on Natural Changes: Finally, the teacher addresses the human impact on natural changes, explaining that while many changes are natural, human actions, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have accelerated some of these processes, causing significant impacts on the planet. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Practical Activities (10 - 13 minutes)

   • Group Discussion: After the theory presentation, the teacher divides the class into groups and proposes a discussion on the prevention and mitigation measures of natural disasters. Each group should present their ideas and solutions to minimize the impacts of these events. (4 - 5 minutes)
   • Case Analysis: Next, the teacher proposes the analysis of a real case of a natural disaster. Students should research the event and present in the classroom the possible causes, impacts, and prevention measures that could have been adopted. (4 - 5 minutes)
   • Information Synthesis: Finally, students are invited to synthesize the main ideas discussed during the lesson. Each student should choose a natural disaster and a natural change and explain, in a few words, the differences between them and the main prevention and mitigation measures. (2 - 3 minutes)

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Recap (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher summarizes the main points discussed during the lesson, reinforcing the definition of natural disasters and natural changes, their differences, the prediction and prevention of natural disasters, and the human impact on natural changes.
   • This is an important moment to review key concepts and ensure that students have understood the most important information.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher highlights how the practical activities carried out in the classroom connect with the presented theory. For example, group discussions and case analysis allowed students to apply theoretical concepts to real situations, developing analysis and argumentation skills.
   • The teacher also mentions how information synthesis helped students consolidate the acquired knowledge and develop the ability to express their ideas clearly and concisely.

3. Reflection on Learning (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher suggests that students reflect on what they have learned during the lesson. He can ask questions like: 'What was the most important concept you learned today?' and 'What questions have not been answered yet?'.
   • Students have a minute to think about their answers and then are invited to share their reflections with the class.
   • This is an opportunity for the teacher to assess students' level of understanding and identify any knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future lessons.

4. Additional Material (1 minute)

   • To deepen students' understanding of the topic, the teacher suggests additional materials, such as videos, documentaries, articles, and websites from organizations that study natural disasters and climate change. For example, he may recommend the documentary 'An Inconvenient Truth' by Al Gore, or the website of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), which provides data and information on climate and the environment in Brazil.
   • The teacher may also suggest a homework assignment related to the topic, such as researching a recent natural disaster and preparing a report on the main causes and impacts of the event, and the prevention measures that could have been adopted.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher summarizes the main contents covered during the lesson, reinforcing the concepts of natural disasters and natural changes, their differences, and how they can be predicted and prevented.
   • He also revisits the human impact on natural changes, highlighting the importance of responsible human action for environmental preservation.

2. Connection of Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher emphasizes how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications of the topic.
   • He highlights how practical activities, such as group discussions and case analysis, allowed students to apply theoretical concepts to real situations.
   • Additionally, he points out how the acquired knowledge can be applied in understanding and discussing news and current events related to natural disasters and changes.

3. Extra Materials Suggestions (1 minute)

   • The teacher suggests extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the topic.
   • He may recommend books, documentaries, websites of organizations studying climate and the environment, and scientific articles.
   • Additionally, he can recommend extra activities, such as researching a specific natural phenomenon or creating a project for the prevention of natural disasters.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher emphasizes the importance of the subject for students' daily lives.
   • He explains that understanding natural disasters and changes is essential to comprehend the world we live in and to make conscious decisions about our impact on the environment.
   • Furthermore, he highlights the relevance of the acquired knowledge for active participation in society, whether in the discussion of environmental policies or in the implementation of practices for the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters.