Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of percentages: Students will be able to define what a percentage is and understand its relation to a whole. They will learn that a percent is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100.

2. Recognize and use the percent symbol (%): Students will learn to identify and use the percent symbol correctly in mathematical expressions.

3. Convert between fractions, decimals, and percents: Students will be able to convert between fractions, decimals, and percents. They will learn that fractions, decimals, and percents are different ways of representing the same value.

Secondary Objectives:

• Real-world application: Students will understand the practical applications of percentages in everyday life, such as shopping discounts, sales tax, and interest rates.

• Problem-solving skills: Students will enhance their problem-solving skills by applying the concepts of percentages to solve mathematical problems.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Necessary Content:

   • The teacher reminds the students of their previous knowledge of fractions and decimals. This is necessary as the concept of percentages builds on these concepts. The teacher can ask a few students to demonstrate their understanding of fractions and decimals by solving simple problems on the board. (3 - 4 minutes)
   • The teacher also reminds the students of the concept of a hundred as a whole. The teacher can use manipulatives like fraction strips or a hundred's chart to reinforce this concept. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Problem Situations:

   • The teacher proposes two problem situations to the students:
     1. "You have a pizza, and you ate 25% of it. How much is left?"
     2. "You scored 85% on your math test. What fraction of the total marks did you get?"
   • The teacher encourages the students to think about these situations and how they can use the concept of percentages to solve them. (2 - 3 minutes)

3. Contextualizing the Importance:

   • The teacher explains that percentages are used in many real-world situations, such as shopping discounts, sales tax, and interest rates. The teacher can give a few examples of these situations to help students understand the practical importance of percentages. (1 - 2 minutes)
   • The teacher also emphasizes that understanding percentages is essential for their future math learning, including topics like ratio and proportion, and statistics. (1 - 2 minutes)

4. Engaging Introduction:

   • The teacher introduces the topic with a fun activity. The teacher can bring in a bag of M&M's or Skittles and distribute a small number to each student. The teacher then asks, "What percent of the total number of candies do you have?" This activity not only introduces the concept of percentages in a fun way but also serves as a segue into the next stage of the lesson, where students will learn to convert between fractions, decimals, and percents. (2 - 3 minutes)
   • The teacher can also share a curiosity about percentages, such as the origin of the word 'percent' (from the Latin 'per centum,' meaning 'by the hundred'). This helps to make the lesson more interesting and engaging. (1 - 2 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

Activity 1: "The Great Sale"

1. Setup (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher divides the class into groups of five and hands each group a set of catalogs, play money, and "goods" (pictures or cutouts of various items).
   • The teacher explains that the students are store owners and have to calculate the sale discounts for the goods in their catalogs.
   • Each catalog has a set of items with their original prices. The teacher tells the students that they have to calculate the sale price after applying a discount of 10%, 25%, and 50%.

2. Execution:

   1. Calculating the Discounts (7 - 10 minutes)

      • The students, as store owners, must calculate the discounted prices using the given percentages. The teacher encourages them to use mental math or show their work if they prefer.
      • The teacher circulates the room, answering questions and providing guidance as needed. The teacher keeps an eye on each group to ensure that every student participates and understands the process.

   2. Display and Comparison (5 - 7 minutes)

      • Once all the groups have calculated the discounted prices, they display their items and prices on a shared space (e.g., the board or a large piece of paper).
      • The teacher facilitates a discussion about the differences in prices and the effects of different percentages of discounts. The teacher prompts the students to discuss which discounts offer better deals and why.

Activity 2: "From Fraction to Percent and Back"

1. Setup (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher gives each group a set of fraction cards and decimal cards. Each card has a fraction or decimal, with some cards showing equivalent values.
   • The teacher explains that the students must match the cards that show the same value, but in different forms (fractions, decimals, and percents).
   • The teacher advises the students to use their knowledge of equivalent fractions and decimals to help them with this task.

2. Execution (8 - 10 minutes)

   • The students work collaboratively, discussing their reasoning and strategies as they match the cards. They are encouraged to look for patterns in the numbers to help them make matches.
   • The teacher moves around the room, observing the students' progress, and providing assistance or clarification as necessary.

3. Discussion (3 - 5 minutes)

   • Once most groups have matched all their cards, the teacher leads a discussion about the patterns they found.
   • Students are encouraged to share the strategies they used to make their matches. The teacher guides the discussion towards the idea that fractions, decimals, and percents are different representations of the same value.

The teacher's role during these activities is crucial. The teacher should monitor the groups, provide assistance when needed, and ensure that the students are on task and actively participating. The teacher should also take this opportunity to assess the students' understanding of percentages, fractions, and decimals.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion and Sharing (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher brings all the students together for a group discussion. Each group is given a chance to share their solutions or conclusions from the activities. The teacher encourages the students to explain how they arrived at their answers or matches in their groups.
   • The teacher facilitates the discussion, highlighting the correct methods and strategies used by the students and addressing any misconceptions that may have arisen. The teacher also points out the links between the students' findings and the theoretical concepts of percentages, fractions, and decimals.
   • The teacher asks the students to reflect on what they learned from the group activities and how they connect to the real-world applications of percentages.

2. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher asks the students to take a moment to reflect on their learning and write down their answers to the following questions:
     1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
     2. What questions do you still have about percentages, fractions, or decimals?
   • The teacher emphasizes that it is okay not to have all the answers and that learning is a continuous process.

3. Wrap-up and Next Steps (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher concludes the lesson by summarizing the main concepts learned in the class: the definition and representation of percentages and their relation to fractions and decimals.
   • The teacher also addresses any common questions or misconceptions that were brought up during the individual reflection. The teacher provides clarification and additional examples, if necessary.
   • The teacher gives a preview of the next lesson, which will further explore the applications of percentages in real-world contexts.
   • The teacher encourages the students to continue practicing their skills with percentages, fractions, and decimals at home. The teacher suggests resources like online games, worksheets, and video tutorials to aid their practice.

The feedback stage is an essential part of the lesson as it provides an opportunity for the students to reflect on their learning, make connections between the theoretical concepts and the practical exercises, and clarify any doubts or misconceptions. It also allows the teacher to assess the effectiveness of the lesson and make necessary adjustments for future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher begins by summarizing the main points of the lesson. They remind the students that a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100 and that fractions, decimals, and percents are different ways of representing the same value.
   • The teacher also recaps the activities conducted during the lesson, such as "The Great Sale" and "From Fraction to Percent and Back." They highlight the key findings from these activities, like the effect of different percentages on prices and the patterns in equivalent fractions, decimals, and percents.

2. Connecting Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher explains how the lesson connected theory and practice. They point out that the hands-on activities allowed the students to apply the theoretical concepts of percentages, fractions, and decimals in practical, real-world situations. They also highlight how the students' reflections on these activities helped them understand the theory better.
   • The teacher emphasizes that the skills the students learned in this lesson are not only essential for their math studies but also for their everyday life. They reiterate that percentages are used in various real-world contexts, such as shopping discounts, sales tax, and interest rates.

3. Suggested Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher suggests additional materials to complement the students' understanding of the topic. These could include:
     1. Online math games that provide interactive practice with percentages, fractions, and decimals.
     2. Worksheets that offer more practice problems for converting between fractions, decimals, and percents.
     3. Video tutorials that explain the concepts in a different way and provide step-by-step solutions to problems.
   • The teacher encourages the students to explore these resources at home to reinforce their understanding and skills.

4. Relevance to Everyday Life (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher reminds the students that the concepts they learned in this lesson are not just for the classroom, but for life. They point out that understanding percentages is crucial for making informed decisions, such as comparing prices, understanding interest rates, and calculating discounts or sales tax.
   • The teacher concludes by encouraging the students to keep an eye out for percentages in their daily lives and to share any interesting observations or questions in the next class.

The conclusion stage is an important part of the lesson as it solidifies the students' understanding of the concepts learned, helps them see the connections between theory and practice, and provides them with additional resources for further learning. It also reinforces the practical importance of the topic and its relevance to their everyday life, thereby enhancing their motivation and engagement in the learning process.