Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

The teacher will begin the lesson by clearly stating the objectives of the lesson. This is to ensure that the students understand what they are expected to learn by the end of the class.

1. Students will be able to differentiate between physical and chemical properties of matter.
2. Students will be able to identify and describe various physical properties of matter such as color, odor, texture, and state of matter.
3. Students will be able to identify and describe various chemical properties of matter such as reactivity and flammability.
4. Students will be able to conduct simple experiments to observe and determine the physical and chemical properties of different substances.

Secondary Objectives:

1. Students will develop critical thinking skills as they analyze the results of their experiments.
2. Students will improve their communication skills by discussing their findings with their peers.
3. Students will enhance their collaborative skills by working in groups during the experiments.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. The teacher will begin by reminding the students of the previous lessons on the basic concepts of matter, such as its composition and the different states of matter. This will serve as a foundation for the current lesson on the properties of matter. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. The teacher will then propose two problem situations to pique the students' interest and set the stage for the lesson:

   • The teacher will ask, "Why do some metals rust over time while others do not?" This will lead to a discussion on the chemical property of reactivity.
   • The teacher will ask, "Why does ice float on water?" This will lead to a discussion on the physical property of density. (3 - 5 minutes)

3. The teacher will contextualize the importance of understanding the physical and chemical properties of matter in real-world applications. For instance, the teacher can explain how knowledge of these properties helps in various fields such as manufacturing, medicine, and environmental science. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. The teacher will introduce the topic by sharing two intriguing facts or stories related to the physical and chemical properties of matter:

   • The teacher can share the story of how the discovery of the chemical property of fluorescence led to the creation of glow-in-the-dark products.
   • The teacher can share the fact that the physical property of magnetism is used in the creation of credit cards and other everyday items we use. (3 - 4 minutes)

5. Finally, the teacher will formally introduce the topic of the day - "Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter." The teacher will explain that today's lesson will focus on understanding and identifying these properties through observation and experimentation. (1 - 2 minutes)

By the end of the introduction, the students should be curious about the topic, understand its relevance, and be ready to delve into the exploration of the physical and chemical properties of matter.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

Activity 1: Sorting Matter (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher will divide the students into small groups and provide each group with a box of assorted objects that represent different types of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. The teacher will then instruct the students to sort these objects into three separate categories based on their observable properties, such as shape, volume, and whether they take the shape of their container or not. (2 minutes)

3. After the students have sorted the objects, the teacher will ask each group to present their sorting system to the class. This will serve as a formative assessment of the students' understanding of the different states of matter and their physical properties. (3 - 5 minutes)

Activity 2: Exploring Physical Properties with Mystery Bags (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher will provide each group with a "Mystery Bag" that contains several objects with distinct physical properties (e.g., a feather, a rock, a piece of metal, a cotton ball, etc.). The groups will not be told what the objects are, and their task is to use their senses (except for taste) to identify and describe the objects' physical properties.

2. The students will be asked to record their observations on a chart provided by the teacher, which includes columns for the objects' expected properties (color, texture, size, weight, etc.) and the students' actual observations. This activity will allow students to practice identifying and describing physical properties of matter. (4 - 5 minutes)

3. After all the groups have finished, each group will share their observations and their guesses about what the objects in their mystery bag are. The teacher will then reveal the objects, and the class will compare their observations with the actual properties of the objects. This will help reinforce the concept of physical properties of matter. (4 - 5 minutes)

Activity 3: Simple Chemical Tests (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher will then introduce the concept of chemical properties, explaining that these properties can only be observed when a substance is changing into a different substance.

2. The teacher will conduct a demonstration for the class, showing a simple chemical test. For example, the teacher can put a small piece of zinc in a test tube containing dilute hydrochloric acid, resulting in the production of hydrogen gas. The teacher will explain that this shows the chemical property of reactivity.

3. The teacher will then divide the students into groups and provide each group with a set of chemicals and a list of simple chemical tests. The students' task is to conduct these tests and record their observations, identifying the chemical properties of the substances in front of them. (4 - 5 minutes)

4. After the groups have finished conducting their tests, they will share their findings with the class, and the teacher will provide feedback and further explanations if necessary. This activity will allow the students to observe and identify chemical properties of different substances. (4 - 5 minutes)

By the end of the development stage, students should have a practical understanding of the difference between physical and chemical properties and be able to identify and describe these properties in various substances.

Feedback (10 - 12 minutes)

1. The teacher will start the feedback session by asking each group to share their observations and conclusions from the activities. The teacher will facilitate this discussion, ensuring that each group has a chance to share and that the ideas are being communicated clearly. This will allow the students to learn from each other's experiences and perspectives. (4 - 5 minutes)

2. The teacher will then guide a reflection exercise, asking the students to think about how the activities connect to the theoretical concepts of physical and chemical properties of matter. The teacher can pose questions such as:

   • "What physical properties did you observe in the objects in the mystery bag?"
   • "How did the chemical tests help you identify the chemical properties of the substances?"
   • "How do the physical and chemical properties of matter affect their uses in everyday life?" (3 - 4 minutes)

3. The teacher will encourage the students to make connections between the real-life applications of these properties and what they have learned in the class. For instance, the teacher can ask the students to think about how the physical property of transparency is important in the production of glass, or how the chemical property of flammability is a key consideration in fire safety. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. To conclude the feedback session, the teacher will ask the students to take a moment to reflect on their learning. The teacher can use a reflection prompt such as, "What was the most important concept you learned today?" or "What questions do you still have about the physical and chemical properties of matter?" The teacher can have the students share their reflections with the class, or they can be collected for the teacher's review. (1 - 2 minutes)

By the end of the feedback stage, the students should have a clear understanding of the connection between the hands-on activities they have performed and the theoretical concepts they have learned. They should also feel confident in their ability to identify and describe the physical and chemical properties of different substances.

Conclusion (3 - 5 minutes)

1. The teacher will summarize the main points covered in the lesson. The teacher will reiterate the definitions of physical and chemical properties of matter and provide a quick recap of some key examples of these properties discussed during the class. This will reinforce the students' understanding of the lesson's content. (1 - 2 minutes)

2. The teacher will explain how the hands-on activities conducted during the class connected with the theoretical concepts. The teacher will highlight how the "Sorting Matter" activity helped the students understand the different states of matter and their physical properties. The teacher will also point out how the "Mystery Bag" activity allowed the students to observe and describe physical properties, while the "Chemical Tests" activity enabled them to identify chemical properties. (1 minute)

3. The teacher will suggest additional materials for the students to further their understanding of the topic. These materials could include relevant chapters in the textbook, educational videos on the topic, or interactive online resources that allow the students to explore the physical and chemical properties of matter in a fun and engaging way. The teacher can also recommend simple experiments that the students can try at home to continue their exploration of these properties. (1 minute)

4. Lastly, the teacher will explain the importance of the topic for everyday life. The teacher will emphasize that understanding the physical and chemical properties of matter is not only essential for the study of chemistry but also for various real-world applications. The teacher can cite examples such as the importance of understanding the physical properties of food for cooking, or the relevance of chemical properties in fields such as medicine and environmental science. This will highlight the practical relevance of the topic and motivate the students to continue learning about it. (1 - 2 minutes)

By the end of the conclusion, the students should have a clear understanding of the day's lesson, know how to further their learning on the topic, and understand the importance of the physical and chemical properties of matter in their everyday lives.