Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the Concept: The teacher should help students understand the concept of gerund and infinitive verbs in English, and how they differ from verbs in their base forms.

2. Identification and Usage: Students should learn to identify and correctly use gerund and infinitive verbs in English sentences. This includes the ability to differentiate between verbs that can be followed by gerund and infinitive, and identifying the correct position of the verb in the sentence.

3. Written and Oral Practice: Students should practice using gerund and infinitive verbs in both written and oral expression. The goal is for students to feel comfortable applying what they have learned in different communication contexts.

Secondary Objectives:

• Review of Basic Grammar: During the lesson, the teacher should briefly review the basic structure of English sentences, including the role of the subject and the verb in forming the sentence.

• Development of Listening Skills: Through examples and exercises, students should enhance their listening and comprehension skills in English.

• Vocabulary Enhancement: While working with gerund and infinitive verbs, students will also have the opportunity to expand their vocabulary, as they will be exposed to different words and expressions.

These objectives should be clearly communicated to students at the beginning of the lesson, so they can understand what is expected of them and monitor their own progress throughout the lesson.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the concept of verbs in English, emphasizing the fundamental role they play in sentence formation. This includes a review of different verb tenses and the idea that verbs can be modified in various ways, such as by adding "ing" at the end. This review will help set the stage for the introduction of gerund and infinitive verbs.

2. Problem Situations (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher can present two hypothetical situations involving the use of gerund and infinitive verbs. For example, they can describe a situation where a character is describing their daily activities (using gerund verbs) and another situation where the character is talking about their future plans (using infinitive verbs). These situations will help contextualize the importance of the topic and show students why it is essential for them to understand and use these two types of verbs correctly.

3. Contextualization (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then explain the practical importance of the topic. They may mention that the correct use of gerund and infinitive verbs is essential for effective communication in English, whether speaking, writing, reading, or listening. Additionally, the teacher can highlight that many professions require a good command of English, and that the proper use of verbs is a crucial part of this.

4. Topic Introduction (2 - 3 minutes): To capture students' attention and spark their interest in the topic, the teacher can start the lesson with some fun facts about gerund and infinitive verbs in English. For example, they may mention that, unlike many other languages, English has a very flexible verb structure, which can make learning these topics challenging but also fascinating. Furthermore, the teacher can point out that the incorrect use of gerund and infinitive verbs is one of the biggest sources of errors for non-native English speakers, further emphasizing the importance of learning this topic.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory: Gerund and Infinitive Verbs (10 - 12 minutes):

   • The teacher should start by defining what gerund and infinitive verbs are. They can explain that the gerund is the verb form that ends in "ing" and that the infinitive is the basic form of the verb, usually preceded by the particle "to" (to + base verb).

   • Next, the teacher should explain that gerund verbs are used to express ongoing action, while infinitive verbs are used to express action that has not yet started or has already finished.

   • The teacher should provide several examples of gerund and infinitive verbs and explain when and why they are used. For example, they can say: "I am studying for the test" (gerund) and "I want to study for the test" (infinitive).

   • The teacher should mention that, in some situations, gerund and infinitive verbs can be used interchangeably, although there may be subtle differences in meaning. For example, "I stopped smoking" (gerund) x "I stopped to smoke" (infinitive).

   • Finally, the teacher should explain that in English, some verbs are followed by gerund, others by infinitive, and others can be followed by both, depending on the meaning. They should give some examples of each of these groups.

2. Practice with Examples (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher should provide students with a list of sentences in English containing verbs. Some of these sentences should be incomplete, with the aim that students complete them using the gerund or infinitive of the appropriate verb.

   • Students should work in pairs or small groups to complete the sentences. The teacher should circulate around the room, observing students' progress and providing assistance as needed.

   • After a designated time, the teacher should review the answers with the class, correcting any errors and explaining why the gerund or infinitive was used in each case.

3. Board Game (5 - 6 minutes):

   • To make the practice more fun and engaging, the teacher can introduce a board game that involves the use of gerund and infinitive verbs.

   • The game can be played in pairs or small groups. Each time a player lands on a space on the board, they must form a sentence using the verb indicated on the board space, in the gerund or infinitive, depending on the instruction. If the sentence is correct, the player can advance; if it is wrong, the player must go back.

   • The teacher should provide feedback and guidance during the game, ensuring that students are using the verbs correctly.

These activities should allow students to practice using gerund and infinitive verbs in meaningful and authentic contexts, helping them solidify their understanding of the topic. Additionally, the playful nature of the game and the group work can help make the lesson more enjoyable and engaging, which can increase students' motivation to learn.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes):

   • The teacher should initiate a group discussion, asking students to share their solutions or conclusions from the activities. This is an opportunity for students to explain their answers and for the teacher to clarify any misunderstandings or confusion.
   • The teacher can ask different groups to share their completed sentences during the practice with examples activity. This will not only help verify students' understanding but also allow them to see examples of how their peers used gerund and infinitive verbs.
   • The teacher should facilitate the discussion, encouraging all students to participate and express their opinions. They can ask open-ended questions to promote reflection and critical thinking, such as "Why did you choose to use the gerund/infinitive in this case?" or "Can you think of another example where this verb could be followed by gerund/infinitive?".

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should then make the connection between students' practice and the theory presented. They can briefly review the concepts of gerund and infinitive verbs and explain how the correct uses were applied in the activities.
   • The teacher can highlight examples of sentences that were corrected during the group discussion to illustrate common errors and how they can be avoided. This will help students better understand the theory and apply it correctly in future writing and speaking situations.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes):

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they have learned. They can ask questions like "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?".
   • The teacher should give a minute of silence for students to think about their answers. Then, they can ask for some volunteers to share their reflections with the class.
   • Students' responses can provide the teacher with valuable feedback on what they found most helpful, which concepts still need more practice, and any misunderstandings that may exist. This can inform the planning of future lessons and help the teacher ensure that all students are keeping up.

4. Teacher Feedback (1 minute):

   • Finally, the teacher should provide overall feedback to the class, highlighting strengths and areas that need improvement. They should encourage students to continue practicing the use of gerund and infinitive verbs outside the classroom and to seek help if they have any questions or difficulties.
   • The teacher should reinforce the importance of the topic and remind students that the correct use of gerund and infinitive verbs is an essential skill for effective communication in English.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by recapping the main points of the lesson. This includes defining gerund and infinitive verbs, the difference between them, and when and why they are used.
   • They can reiterate the examples that were discussed during the lesson and emphasize the verbs that can be followed by gerund, infinitive, or both.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should then explain how the lesson connected theory (the formal explanation of gerund and infinitive verbs), practice (the sentence completion activities and the board game), and applications (examples of real use of gerund and infinitive verbs).
   • They can highlight how students' theoretical understanding of gerund and infinitive verbs helped them correctly complete sentences in the practice activities and use verbs correctly during the group discussion.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should then suggest additional materials for students who want to deepen their understanding of gerund and infinitive verbs. These may include English learning websites like Duolingo or BBC Learning English, which offer interactive lessons and practical exercises.
   • Additionally, the teacher can recommend English grammar books that explain in detail the use of gerund and infinitive verbs, or educational videos on YouTube that provide clear and concise explanations.

4. Importance of the Topic (1 minute):

   • Finally, the teacher should summarize the importance of the topic for students' lives outside the classroom. They can emphasize that the correct use of gerund and infinitive verbs is essential for effective communication in English, whether speaking, writing, reading, or listening.
   • The teacher can mention that many professions require a good command of English, and that the appropriate use of verbs is a crucial part of this.
   • Additionally, the teacher can highlight that the ability to correctly use gerund and infinitive verbs allows students to express their ideas and intentions more precisely and sophisticatedly, which can increase their confidence and fluency in English.

This Conclusion will help solidify what students have learned in the lesson, encourage continued learning outside the school environment, and highlight the relevance of the topic to their daily lives.