#Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding English Verb Tenses: The first objective is for students to grasp the different verb tenses in the English language, including the present, past and future. This involves identifying verbs and using the correct tenses to form sentences.

2. Differentiating English Verb Tenses: The second objective is for students to be able to clearly differentiate the verb tenses in English, recognizing the difference between simple present, simple past, present continuous, past continuous, present perfect and past perfect.

3. Applying Verb Tenses in Practice Exercises: The third objective is for students to be able to apply their learned knowledge of the English verb tenses to solve practical exercises. This includes the ability to identify the correct tense to fill in the blanks in sentences, as well as create grammatically correct sentences using different verb tenses.

Secondary Objectives:

• Developing Language Proficiency: In addition to the main Objectives, this lesson also aims to help students develop their English language proficiency by improving their reading, writing, listening and speaking skills.

• Encouraging Critical Thinking: Through the practical exercises, students will be encouraged to think critically about the grammatical structure of verb tenses in English, enhancing their analytical and interpretative skills.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Related Concepts: The teacher should begin the lesson by reviewing basic concepts of verbs in English, including the definition of verbs, their function in sentences and the difference between regular and irregular verbs. This review is essential so that students have a solid understanding before moving on to the verb tenses that will be covered in the lesson. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-Based Situations to Spark Interest: Next, the teacher should present two problem-based situations that involve the use of verb tenses. For example, "How would you describe an action that happened yesterday?" or "How would you talk about an event that will happen in the future?". These situations are intended to spark students' interest in the topic and demonstrate the practical importance of knowing verb tenses. (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualisation of the Topic: The teacher should then contextualise the importance of using the correct verb tense in everyday situations, such as when writing a formal email, describing a past experience or making a plan for the future. This will help students understand that knowledge of verb tenses is not just useful for the classroom, but also for a variety of real-life situations. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction of the Topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the lesson - verb tense practice exercises - explaining that students will have the opportunity to practice and improve their use of the different verb tenses in English. To capture students' attention, the teacher could share some fun facts about verb tenses, such as the fact that there are some verb tenses that are unique to English, like the present perfect continuous, and do not have direct equivalents in other languages. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory (10 - 15 minutes):

   • Presentation of Verb Tenses (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should present the verb tenses in English, starting with the simple present and simple past, which are the most basic. They should then move on to introduce more complex verb tenses, such as the present continuous, past continuous, present perfect and past perfect. The teacher should explain the rules for forming each of these verb tenses and give examples of how they are used in sentences. It is important for the teacher to highlight the differences between the verb tenses, especially the finer points that can be tricky for beginner English learners.

   • Discussion of the Importance of Verb Tenses (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should then discuss the importance of verb tenses in establishing the time and continuity of an action. The teacher should emphasize that using the wrong verb tenses can lead to misunderstandings, and that mastery of verb tenses is essential for effective communication in English.

2. Guided Practice (10 - 15 minutes):

   • Gap-Filling Exercises (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should distribute a worksheet that contains incomplete sentences with blanks that students must fill in with the correct verb tense. For example, "I _______ (to go) to the store yesterday" or "She _______ (to study) for the test all night". The exercises should cover all of the verb tenses that were presented in the theoretical part of the lesson. The teacher should circulate around the room, monitoring students' progress and offering guidance as needed.

   • Sentence Creation Activity (3 - 5 minutes): Students should then be asked to create their own sentences using the verb tenses. This can be done in pairs or individually, depending on the size of the class. The teacher should encourage students to be creative in their sentences, but also to ensure that they are using the verb tenses correctly.

3. Review and Feedback (5 - 7 minutes):

   • Review of Exercises (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should review the exercises with the class, highlighting any points of difficulty and correcting any errors. The teacher should use this opportunity to reinforce the concepts presented in the theoretical part of the lesson.

   • Feedback and Clarification of Doubts (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should give students feedback on their performance on the sentence creation activity and answer any questions that they may have. It is important for the teacher to create a supportive and encouraging environment, where mistakes are seen as learning opportunities and improvement is valued.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Return phase by connecting the practice that was done to the theory that was presented. This can be done through a brief recap of the main points covered in the lesson, followed by practical examples that demonstrate how the theoretical concepts were applied. For instance, the teacher could review some of the sentences that students created during the sentence creation activity and discuss how the different verb tenses were used correctly.

2. Reflection on Learning (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should then ask students to reflect on what they have learned during the lesson. The teacher could ask questions such as:

   • "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   • "What questions do you still have?"
   • "How can you apply what you learned today to real-life situations?"

   Students' responses to these questions can help the teacher assess the effectiveness of the lesson and identify areas that may need reinforcement in future lessons. Furthermore, students' reflection on their own learning can help them to consolidate what they have learned and to identify any gaps in their understanding.

3. Student Feedback (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should ask students for feedback on the lesson. This can be done through open-ended questions, such as "What did you find most helpful about today's lesson?" and "What would you like to see more of in future lessons?" Student feedback can be used to inform the planning of future lessons and to ensure that the needs and interests of the students are being met.

4. Lesson Closure (1 minute): To close the lesson, the teacher should summarise the main points that were learned and reinforce the importance of mastering verb tenses in English. The teacher should also inform students about the topic of the next lesson and any homework that they may have.

5. Post-Lesson Follow-Up: After the lesson, the teacher can provide additional resources for students to review the material at home, such as links to explanatory videos, grammar practice websites and workbooks. Additionally, the teacher could assign homework that reinforces the concepts learned in the lesson, such as writing a paragraph using all of the verb tenses or completing a set of online exercises. The teacher's feedback on these homework assignments can help to identify areas that may need reinforcement in future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Content (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should recap the main points that were covered during the lesson. This includes a review of the different verb tenses in English (simple present, simple past, present continuous, past continuous, present perfect and past perfect) and the rules for forming each of these verb tenses. The teacher should emphasize the importance of being able to clearly differentiate between the verb tenses and the impact that using the correct verb tenses can have on effective communication in English.

2. Connection Between Theory, Practice and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory (the presentation of verb tenses) with practice (the gap-filling exercises and the sentence creation activity) and applications (the discussion of the importance of verb tenses in real-life situations). The teacher should stress that theoretical understanding of verb tenses is fundamental, but that practice and application of these concepts are equally important for becoming proficient in using verb tenses in English.

3. Supplementary Materials (1 minute): The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to delve deeper into the topic of English verb tenses. This could include links to explanatory videos, grammar practice websites, workbooks and language learning apps.

4. Relevance of the Topic (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should reiterate the importance of knowing verb tenses for effective communication in English. The teacher should highlight that using the correct verb tenses can help to convey ideas clearly, establish the sequence of events accurately and express attitudes and feelings appropriately. Additionally, the teacher should remind students that mastery of verb tenses is an essential skill for success on English proficiency exams, such as the TOEFL and IELTS.