Lesson Plan | Technical Methodology | Organic Functions: Aldehyde
| Keywords | Aldehydes, Ketones, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Synthesis of Aldehydes, Chemical Industry, Quality Control, Industrial Applications, Practical Activities, Job Market, Perfumes, Food, Laboratory Safety, Experiments, Discussion |
| Required Materials | Short video about aldehydes in the perfume and food industry, Chemical reagents for the synthesis of benzaldehyde, Laboratory glassware (beakers, test tubes, pipettes, etc.), Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (gloves, safety glasses, lab coats, etc.), Laboratory equipment (Bunsen burner, universal support, etc.), Writing materials (paper, pens, etc.), Whiteboard or flip chart, Computer and projector for video display, Instruction sheets for the practical activity |
Objectives
Duration: 10 to 15 minutes
The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to prepare students to deeply understand the characteristics and properties of aldehydes, differentiating them from ketones. This is crucial for developing practical and experimental skills that will be applied in later activities. Additionally, connecting the knowledge acquired with the job market and industrial applications increases the relevance of the content and motivates students to actively engage in learning.
Main Objectives
1. Understand what aldehydes are and their structural characteristics.
2. Differentiate aldehydes from ketones based on their chemical structures.
3. Indicate the physical and chemical properties of aldehydes.
Side Objectives
- Relate the properties of aldehydes to their applications in the job market.
- Identify examples of aldehydes in everyday life and in industry.
Introduction
Duration: (10 to 15 minutes)
Purpose: The purpose of this stage is to contextualize the relevance of aldehydes in everyday life and in industry, awakening students' interest and curiosity. Through practical examples and an engaging initial activity, students are encouraged to understand the importance of the topic and actively engage in subsequent activities.
Contextualization
Contextualization: Aldehydes are organic compounds widely present in our daily lives and play a crucial role in various industries. From the characteristic aroma of vanilla to the manufacturing of plastics and resins, aldehydes are essential for many products we use daily. Understanding their structures and properties is fundamental for applying them efficiently and innovatively in the job market.
Curiosities and Market Connection
Curiosities and Market Connection: Aldehydes are known for their aromatic properties, responsible for odors like those of fruits and flowers. In the industry, formaldehyde, one of the simplest aldehydes, is used in the production of building materials, disinfectants, and even personal care products. The versatility of aldehydes makes them valuable components in industrial processes and the creation of new products.
Initial Activity
Initial Activity: To spark students' interest, show a short video (3 to 4 minutes) that illustrates the application of aldehydes in the perfume and food industry. After the video, ask a provocative question: 'Can you imagine what it would be like if aldehydes didn’t exist? How would that impact the fragrance and food industries?' Encourage students to briefly discuss their answers in pairs.
Development
Duration: 60 to 70 minutes
The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' knowledge about the characteristics and applications of aldehydes through practical and reflective activities. This promotes both theoretical and practical understanding, preparing them for real challenges in the job market.
Covered Topics
- Definition and structure of aldehydes
- Differences between aldehydes and ketones
- Physical and chemical properties of aldehydes
- Applications of aldehydes in industry and daily life
Reflections on the Theme
Initiate a discussion with students about how the chemical properties of aldehydes influence their practical applications. Ask how the reactivity of aldehydes relates to their use in the perfume and preservative industries. Facilitate reflection on the importance of understanding molecular structure to innovate in chemical products.
Mini Challenge
Maker Challenge: Synthesis of an Aromatic Aldehyde
Students will carry out the synthesis of a simple aromatic aldehyde, such as benzaldehyde, in a controlled laboratory environment. The activity involves understanding and applying basic laboratory procedures and discussing the importance of quality control in industrial production.
Instructions
- Divide students into groups of 4 to 5 members.
- Distribute the necessary materials: reagents, glassware, personal protective equipment (PPE), etc.
- Explain laboratory safety procedures.
- Demonstrate the steps for synthesizing benzaldehyde.
- Guide students as they perform the synthesis, ensuring they follow safety procedures.
- After synthesis, collect and compare the results from different groups.
- Facilitate a discussion about possible variations in results and the importance of quality standards in the chemical industry.
Objective: Apply theoretical knowledge about aldehydes in a practical laboratory activity, understanding the importance of quality control and safety in the chemical industry.
Duration: 40 to 45 minutes
Evaluation Exercises
- Explain the main structural differences between aldehydes and ketones.
- List three physical properties of aldehydes and relate how these properties influence their practical applications.
- Describe an example of industrial use of a specific aldehyde and explain its impact on the market.
- Propose a simple experiment that can be carried out to identify the presence of an aldehyde in an unknown sample.
Conclusion
Duration: (10 to 15 minutes)
The purpose of this stage is to consolidate the knowledge gained by students throughout the lesson, promoting critical reflection on theory and practice. Through discussion and summarizing the main points, students will connect the content learned with its applications in the job market, understanding the relevance of the topic for their professional development.
Discussion
Promote an open discussion with students about the main points covered during the lesson. Ask how they think the chemical structure of aldehydes influences their properties and applications. Encourage students to reflect on the practical activity of synthesizing benzaldehyde and the importance of quality control and safety in the chemical industry. Request that they share their impressions of how theory and practice were interconnected during the lesson.
Summary
Recap the main content presented: the definition and structure of aldehydes, the differences between aldehydes and ketones, the physical and chemical properties of aldehydes, and their various industrial applications. Highlight how the lesson integrated theory and practice through the laboratory activity and fixation exercises.
Closing
Explain to students the importance of aldehydes in everyday life and in the job market, emphasizing their applications in industries such as perfumes, food, and building materials. Stress that a deep understanding of the properties and reactivity of aldehydes is essential for the development of new products and innovative processes.
