Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish: The main objective is for students to understand what prepositions and prepositional phrases are. They should be able to define them and identify them in a given context.

2. Identify prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish sentences: Students should be able to identify prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish sentences. This will involve practicing reading and analyzing texts.

3. Use prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish sentences: Finally, students should be able to use prepositions and prepositional phrases correctly in Spanish sentences. This will involve practicing writing and constructing sentences.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop reading and writing skills in Spanish: Through the study of prepositions and prepositional phrases, students will also improve their overall reading and writing skills in Spanish.

• Reinforce grammatical understanding: The study of prepositions and prepositional phrases will also allow students to reinforce their general knowledge of grammar, as these elements are crucial components of the language structure.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by quickly reviewing the concepts of invariable words, syntactic function, and the pronoun system in Spanish. These concepts are fundamental for understanding prepositions and prepositional phrases.

2. Problem situation 1: The teacher can propose a situation where the incorrect use of prepositions and prepositional phrases can lead to misunderstandings. For example, "Imagine you are in a restaurant in Spain and want to order a salad without lettuce. If you say 'quiero una ensalada sin lechuga,' the waiter may bring a salad without lettuce and nothing else. However, if you say 'quiero una ensalada de la que no tenga lechuga,' the waiter will understand that you want a salad with other ingredients, but without lettuce".

3. Contextualization: The teacher should emphasize the importance of prepositions and prepositional phrases in everyday communication, both in speech and writing. It can be mentioned how these elements are used in different contexts, such as describing places, people, situations, etc.

4. Curiosity 1: The teacher can share the curiosity that, although there are only 23 prepositions in the Spanish language, they are frequently used and in varied ways, which can make their use a challenge for Spanish students.

5. Curiosity 2: Another interesting curiosity to share is that, in Spanish, some prepositions can combine with the definite articles 'el' and 'la,' forming contractions. For example, 'de + el' becomes 'del' and 'a + el' becomes 'al.' This is different from what happens in Portuguese and can cause confusion for students.

6. Problem situation 2: To conclude the Introduction, the teacher can propose a second problem situation. For example, "Imagine you are describing the location of your house in a new neighborhood to a friend. How would you use prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish to do this accurately and clearly?".

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

In this stage, students will explore the concept of prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish through practical and interactive activities. Here are some activity suggestions:

1. Activity 1 - 'Prepositions Path' Game: The teacher can propose a board game where students advance on the path by correctly answering questions about prepositions and prepositional phrases. The questions may involve the definition and correct use of these elements. A digital version of this game can be created using online educational gaming platforms. (10 - 12 minutes)

2. Activity 2 - Dramatization of problem situations: Students can be divided into groups, and each group will receive a problem situation involving the use of prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish. They will have to dramatize the situation, using prepositions and prepositional phrases correctly. Problem situations may include everyday scenarios, such as asking for directions, shopping, describing people, etc. (10 - 12 minutes)

3. Activity 3 - Creation of posters: Each group will create a poster illustrating the correct use of prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish. They can use examples from their dramatizations or create new examples. The posters can be displayed in the classroom for future reference. (5 - 7 minutes)

During these activities, the teacher should circulate around the room, monitoring the groups' progress, offering help when needed, and clarifying doubts. After the activities' conclusion, the teacher should promote a classroom discussion where each group shares their solutions and conclusions. The teacher should make connections with the theory, clarify remaining doubts, and provide constructive feedback.

This playful and practical approach will engage students, making learning more meaningful and memorable. Additionally, these activities provide students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real situations, improving their communication skills in Spanish.

Return (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Group discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should allow each group to share their solutions and conclusions from the activities carried out. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to present. During the presentations, the teacher should encourage other students to ask questions and make comments. The goal is to promote the exchange of ideas and debate, thus enriching students' understanding of the use of prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish.

2. Connection with theory (2 - 3 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher should revisit the theoretical concepts discussed in the Introduction and establish connections with the solutions presented by the groups. The teacher should highlight the main points, reinforce the most important concepts, and clarify any misunderstandings. This step is crucial to consolidate learning and ensure that students have a clear and accurate understanding of the use of prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish.

3. Individual reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. They should think about answers to questions such as:

   1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
   2. What questions remain unanswered?
   3. How can you apply what you learned today in everyday situations?

4. Teacher feedback (2 - 3 minutes): After individual reflection, the teacher should ask students to share their reflections. The teacher should provide feedback to students, praising their achievements, acknowledging their efforts, and offering suggestions for improvements. The teacher should also address unanswered questions and clarify any remaining doubts. This step is crucial to reinforce students' confidence, motivate them to continue learning, and ensure that all their doubts are clarified.

This Return stage is essential to consolidate learning, assess the effectiveness of the lesson, and plan the next teaching step. Additionally, by allowing students to reflect on what they learned, the teacher encourages them to become autonomous and reflective learners.

Conclusion (5 - 8 minutes)

1. Summary of contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the main points covered in the lesson. This includes the concept of prepositions and prepositional phrases, their function in the Spanish sentence structure, and examples of their correct and incorrect use. The teacher should reinforce the importance of prepositions and prepositional phrases in effective communication in Spanish, both in speech and writing.

2. Connection between theory and practice (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory to practice. This may include discussing how practical activities, such as the 'Prepositions Path' game, dramatization of problem situations, and creation of posters, helped students apply theoretical concepts in real situations. The teacher should emphasize that the ability to use prepositions and prepositional phrases correctly is an essential part of proficiency in Spanish, and that regular practice is essential for mastering this skill.

3. Extra materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest additional materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of prepositions and prepositional phrases. This may include links to educational websites, online practice exercises, explanatory videos, and references to textbooks or grammars. The teacher may also suggest that students practice using prepositions and prepositional phrases in their own time, trying to incorporate them into their Spanish conversations or writing tasks.

4. Relevance of the topic (1 minute): To conclude, the teacher should reiterate the importance of the lesson's topic, explaining how the correct use of prepositions and prepositional phrases can improve the clarity and accuracy of communication in Spanish. The teacher should encourage students to continue practicing and refining their skills, reminding them that learning a language is a continuous process that requires effort and dedication.

The Conclusion of the lesson is a crucial stage to consolidate learning, reinforce students' motivation, and provide guidance for independent study. By ending the lesson clearly and organized, the teacher helps students understand what they have learned, why it is important, and how they can continue learning and improving their skills.