Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the Past Continuous in English: The main objective is for students to understand the past continuous in English, its structure, and usage. They should be able to differentiate it from other verb tenses and apply it correctly in sentences and texts.

2. Identification of Examples of Past Continuous: Students should be able to identify the past continuous tense in texts, songs, dialogues, etc. They should be able to identify the tense and justify its use in a given context.

3. Production of Sentences in the Past Continuous: Students should be able to produce their own sentences in the past continuous in English. They should be able to correctly form sentences, using the appropriate verbs in the past continuous tense.

Secondary Objectives

• Development of Listening and Speaking Skills: Working with the past continuous should contribute to the development of students' listening and speaking skills. They should be able to listen, understand, and reproduce the past continuous tense fluently and naturally.

• Expansion of Vocabulary: Through the study of the past continuous, students will have the opportunity to expand their vocabulary, learning new verbs and their forms in the past continuous.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Related Content: The teacher starts the lesson by reviewing previously studied content that is relevant to the understanding of the past continuous. This may include reviewing the past simple and present continuous tenses. This can be done through direct questions to the students or through a brief summary on the blackboard. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios: Next, the teacher presents two problem-solving scenarios involving the use of the past continuous. For example:

   • "Your friend called you yesterday. He said, 'I was watching a movie.' What did he mean by that?"
   • "You are reading a book and come across the following sentence: 'She was cooking dinner when the phone rang.' What is this sentence telling us?" (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the Subject's Importance: The teacher explains the importance of the past continuous in everyday life, highlighting that it is a very common verb tense in daily conversations, news, books, movies, and songs. They can give examples of real situations where the past continuous is used, such as reporting an incident, telling a story, or describing an action that was ongoing at a certain moment in the past. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic: To introduce the topic in an engaging way, the teacher can:

   • Curiosity 1: Share the origin of the term 'past continuous' and how it emerged in the English language. For example, the term 'continuous' comes from the Latin 'continuus,' which means 'that does not suffer interruption.' Thus, the past continuous is used to describe actions that were ongoing and not interrupted at a certain moment in the past.
   • Curiosity 2: Present a joke or a word game that only makes sense when the use of the past continuous is understood. For example: 'Why was the math book sad? Because it had too many problems.' In this joke, the word 'was' indicates that something was happening in the past, and the word 'had' indicates a continuous action, which is the solving of problems. (3 - 5 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory - Presentation of the Past Continuous (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Structure of the Past Continuous: The teacher starts by explaining that the past continuous is formed by the combination of the verb 'to be' in the past (was/were) with the main verb in the gerund form (verb + ing). They should emphasize that, just like in the present continuous, the verb 'to be' in the past agrees in number with the subject of the sentence. For example, 'I was studying,' 'She was running,' 'They were playing.' (3 - 4 minutes)
   • Usage of the Past Continuous: The teacher continues by explaining that the past continuous is used to describe an action that was ongoing at a certain moment in the past. They can give examples of real situations where the past continuous is used, such as reporting an incident, telling a story, or describing an action that was ongoing at a certain moment in the past. (4 - 5 minutes)
   • Difference between Simple Past and Past Continuous: The teacher should clarify the difference between the simple past and the past continuous. The simple past is used to describe an action that happened and ended at a certain moment in the past, while the past continuous is used to describe an action that was ongoing at a certain moment in the past. They can provide examples to illustrate this difference. For example: 'I was studying when she called' vs. 'I studied after she called.' (3 - 4 minutes)

2. Practice - Application Exercises (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Exercise 1: The teacher hands out a list of present tense sentences to the students and asks them to transform them into the past continuous. For example, 'She is eating dinner' becomes 'She was eating dinner.' The teacher should move around the room, assisting students who encounter difficulties. (5 - 6 minutes)
   • Exercise 2: The teacher presents the students with a short English text containing several sentences in the past continuous. The students should read the text and identify all the sentences in the past continuous. Then, they should write a short paragraph describing an activity they were doing the day before, using the past continuous. (5 - 6 minutes)

3. Discussion - Reflection on the Use of the Past Continuous (5 - 6 minutes)

   • Discussion 1: The teacher proposes a classroom discussion about everyday situations where the past continuous is commonly used. Students are encouraged to share their own experiences and examples.
   • Discussion 2: The teacher presents the students with some sentences containing the past continuous but written incorrectly. The students should identify the error and correct the sentence. For example: 'He was listen music' becomes 'He was listening to music.' (3 - 4 minutes)

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Discussion and Reflection on the Solutions Found (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should lead a classroom discussion on the solutions found by the students during the practical exercises. They can ask some students to share their answers and justify their choices. This not only helps clarify any remaining doubts but also allows students to learn from each other.
   • The teacher can use this discussion to highlight the different ways the past continuous can be used, depending on the context. For example, they can point out the difference between 'I was running' and 'I was running late,' where the past continuous is used differently to express different meanings.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected the theory of the past continuous with the practice of forming and identifying sentences in this verb tense. They can highlight how the application exercises helped students better understand the use of the past continuous and differentiate it from other verb tenses.
   • The teacher should also emphasize the real-life applications of the past continuous, reinforcing the importance of learning and practicing this verb tense. For example, they can recall the problem-solving scenarios presented in the Introduction and how students would be able to interpret them correctly after the lesson.

3. Individual Reflection (3 - 4 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should suggest that students reflect for a minute on what they learned during the lesson. They can ask questions like: 'What was the most important concept you learned today?' and 'What questions have not been answered yet?'
   • Students are encouraged to write down their reflections in a notebook or a digital document. This reflection activity helps students consolidate their learning, identify areas that still need study, and prepare for the next lesson.
   • The teacher can offer to answer any unresolved questions after the lesson or during the next class, ensuring that all students have a clear understanding of the past continuous in English.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Review of Key Concepts (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by recalling the main points covered in the lesson. This includes the structure of the past continuous (verb 'to be' in the past + main verb in gerund), the difference between simple past and past continuous, and the use of the past continuous to describe ongoing actions at a certain moment in the past.
   • They can reinforce these concepts through examples and direct questions to students to check their understanding. For example, they can ask a student to form a sentence in the past continuous or to identify the use of the past continuous in a text.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should highlight how the lesson connected the theory of the past continuous with the practice of forming and identifying sentences in this verb tense. They can recall the application exercises done during the lesson and how they helped students understand and apply the past continuous.
   • They should also reinforce the real-life applications of the past continuous, emphasizing the importance of learning and practicing this verb tense for effective communication in English.

3. Extra Materials for Further Study (1 minute)

   • The teacher should suggest some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of the past continuous. This may include English teaching websites, YouTube videos, songs, movies, and books in English. For example, they can suggest that students watch an English movie and try to identify the use of the past continuous in the characters' dialogues.

4. Importance of the Past Continuous (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should summarize the importance of the past continuous in English communication. They should emphasize that as a common verb tense, the past continuous is often used in daily conversations, news, books, movies, and songs.
   • They can give examples of real situations where the past continuous is useful, such as reporting an incident, telling a story, or describing an action that was ongoing at a certain moment in the past.
   • The teacher should end the lesson by encouraging students to practice using the past continuous in their English conversations and writings, ensuring they have the opportunity to consolidate their learning and become fluent in this verb tense.