Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

The main objectives of this lesson are:

1. Understand the concept of electrochemistry and how it relates to the chemical and electrical processes that occur in a reaction.
2. Identify the main terms and concepts of electrochemistry, such as electrochemical cell, redox reaction, electrode potential, among others.
3. Develop the ability to analyze and interpret information contained in an electrochemical cell diagram.

Secondary objectives:

• Apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems related to electrochemistry.
• Foster students' curiosity and interest in the subject, linking it to practical applications in everyday life, such as in batteries and cells.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous contents: The teacher should remind students of the concepts of redox reaction, reduction and oxidation potential, as these are fundamental to understanding electrochemistry. This can be done through solving small problems or quick questions.

2. Problem situations: The teacher can present two situations that will serve as a hook for the content presentation. The first one can be about how a car battery can provide enough energy to start the engine and how it is recharged when the car is in motion.

   • Situation 1: "Have you ever wondered how a car battery can provide enough energy to start the engine? And how is it recharged when the car is in motion?"
   • Situation 2: "What if I told you that we can use electricity to break water into hydrogen and oxygen, and then recombine them to generate electricity again? This is possible thanks to electrochemistry!"

3. Contextualization: The teacher should emphasize the importance of electrochemistry, showing how it is present in various everyday applications, such as in batteries, obtaining aluminum from bauxite, metal galvanization, among others.

4. Introduction to the topic: The teacher should introduce the topic of electrochemistry, explaining that it is the study of transformations between electrical and chemical energy, and that it is a fundamental area for the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies.

   • Curiosity: "Did you know that the energy stored in a single AA battery is enough to power an LED light bulb for several hours? This is possible thanks to the electrochemical processes that occur inside the battery!"
   • Theme 1: "Today, we will learn about how these electrochemical processes occur and how we can control them to generate energy efficiently and sustainably."
   • Theme 2: "We will also better understand how our car's battery works, and how electricity can be used to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen, a fundamental process for hydrogen production, a clean and renewable energy source."

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Electrochemistry Theory (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher should start the expository class by presenting the theory of electrochemistry, explaining the fundamental concepts and laws that govern electrochemical processes.

   1. Electrochemistry Definition: The teacher should explain that electrochemistry is the study of transformations between electrical and chemical energy. This definition can be illustrated with practical examples, such as the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen during electrolysis, and the reverse reaction that occurs in a cell, where the electrolysis products react to produce electricity.

   2. Electrochemical Cell: The teacher should introduce the concept of an electrochemical cell, explaining that it is a device that uses redox reactions to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, or vice versa. A diagram of an electrochemical cell can be shown, explaining the function of each component, such as electrodes and electrolyte.

   3. Electrode Potentials: The teacher should explain the concept of electrode potential, which is the driving force that propels the electrochemical reaction. The reduction potential table can be shown and explained how to use it to determine the direction of an electrochemical reaction.

   4. Faraday's Laws: The teacher should present Faraday's laws, which describe the relationship between the amount of electricity passed through a solution and the amount of product formed or consumed during an electrochemical reaction. This can be done through practical examples, such as calculating the time required to deposit a certain mass of metal during electrolysis.

2. Applications of Electrochemistry (5 - 7 minutes): After presenting the theory, the teacher should show the practical applications of electrochemistry to make the content more relevant and interesting to students.

   1. Batteries and Cells: The teacher should explain that batteries and cells are examples of electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. A diagram of a cell can be shown and how it works, highlighting the importance of electrode potential and the need for a redox reaction.

   2. Water Electrolysis: The teacher should explain that water electrolysis is an electrochemical process that can be used to produce hydrogen and oxygen. A video or animation of this process can be shown and explain its importance for hydrogen production, a clean and renewable energy source.

3. Practical Exercises (5 - 6 minutes): To verify students' understanding and help them apply what they have learned, the teacher can propose some practical exercises, such as solving electrochemistry problems or interpreting electrochemical cell diagrams.

   1. Electrochemistry Problems: The teacher can propose some simple electrochemistry problems involving determining electrode potential, predicting the direction of an electrochemical reaction, or calculating the amount of electricity needed for a certain reaction.

   2. Interpretation of Electrochemical Cell Diagrams: The teacher can show students a diagram of an electrochemical cell and ask them to identify the electrodes, electrolyte, redox reaction, and the direction of electron flow.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should encourage students to share their answers and solutions to the proposed exercises. This can be done in a group discussion format, where each group presents their solution to the problem and other groups can ask questions or give suggestions. The teacher should act as a mediator, ensuring that all students have the opportunity to speak and that the discussion remains focused on the lesson topic.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should take advantage of the discussion to make the connection between theory and practice. For example, he can ask students how they used electrochemistry concepts to solve the problems, or how they identified the components and reactions in an electrochemical cell diagram. This will help students realize the relevance and meaning of the theoretical concepts they have learned.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then propose that students reflect individually on what they have learned. This can be done by asking questions such as:

   1. "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   2. "What questions have not been answered yet?"
   3. "How can you apply what you learned today in your daily life or in other subjects?"

   After a minute of reflection, the teacher can ask some students to share their answers with the class. This will help the teacher assess students' understanding and identify any concepts that may still be difficult to understand.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and effort, and give brief feedback on the lesson. For example, he can praise students for solving the problems correctly, or for asking good questions during the discussion. He can also identify any areas of difficulty that need to be addressed in future lessons. The teacher should then end the lesson, reminding students about the topic of the next lesson and encouraging them to continue studying and practicing what they learned today.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should give a brief summary of the main points covered during the lesson, recapitulating the definition of electrochemistry, the concept of electrochemical cell, the importance of electrode potential, and Faraday's laws. He should also recall the practical applications of electrochemistry, such as in batteries and cells, and water electrolysis.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should emphasize how the lesson connected theory and practice. For example, he can mention how solving problems and interpreting electrochemical cell diagrams helped students apply the theoretical concepts they learned. He should also reinforce the importance of critical thinking and logical reasoning in solving electrochemistry problems.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some extra materials for students who want to deepen their knowledge of electrochemistry. This may include chemistry books, educational videos, chemistry websites, and chemistry learning apps. The teacher should also encourage students to do independent research on the applications of electrochemistry in various areas, such as in medicine, industry, and energy production.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should reiterate the importance of studying electrochemistry for students' daily lives. He should explain that electrochemistry is present in many technologies we use daily, such as in batteries and cells, and that it is essential for the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies, such as hydrogen production from water electrolysis. The teacher should also emphasize that understanding electrochemical processes can help students better understand some natural phenomena and make more informed decisions about energy and environmental issues.