Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Introduce the concept of Molarity and its importance in Chemistry:

   • Define molarity as the amount of substance (solute) dissolved in a certain volume of solvent.
   • Explain the importance of molarity, as it is one of the main ways to express the concentration of a solution.

2. Understand how to calculate Molarity:

   • Develop formulas and practical examples to calculate the molarity of a solution.
   • Ensure that students understand the need to convert units (grams to moles and liters) when performing these calculations.

3. Apply the concept of Molarity in everyday situations:

   • Propose problems involving the application of molarity, encouraging students to think critically and relate the learned content to real-life situations.
   • Stimulate discussion in the classroom about the relevance of molarity in different contexts, such as in the pharmaceutical industry, food preparation, etc.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop students' problem-solving skills, encouraging them to apply the learned concepts of molarity to solve practical situations.
• Stimulate active participation of students, promoting discussions in the classroom and group activities involving the application of the concept of molarity.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous contents:

   • The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the concepts of solute, solvent, and solution, which are fundamental for understanding the topic 'Molarity'. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Presentation of problem situations:

   • The teacher can present two problem situations to instigate students' curiosity and prepare them for the new content.
     • Situation 1: 'How can we measure the amount of salt (NaCl) in a cup of water?'
     • Situation 2: 'If we want to prepare a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution with a specific concentration, how can we calculate the amount of solid sulfuric acid that we should dissolve in a certain volume of water?' (5 - 7 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the subject:

   • The teacher should explain the importance of molarity in Chemistry, relating it to practical everyday situations, such as in the pharmaceutical industry (preparation of medications), food preparation (such as in the preparation of bread and cakes), or even in household cleaning (preparation of cleaning solutions). (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction of the topic:

   • The teacher can introduce the topic 'Molarity' in an interesting and captivating way, for example, by telling the story of how molarity was developed and how it revolutionized Chemistry.
   • Another option is to present a curiosity related to the topic, such as the fact that molarity is used not only in Chemistry but also in other sciences, such as Biology (for example, in the research of new drugs) and Physics (in the characterization of materials). (3 - 5 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory presentation (10 - 12 minutes):
   • The teacher should present the concept of molarity, defining it as the amount of substance (solute) dissolved in a certain volume of solvent.
   • Should explain the notation of molarity, which is represented by the letter M and is expressed in mol/L, where mol is the amount of substance and L is the volume of the solution.
   • The teacher should emphasize that molarity is a way to express the concentration of a solution and that when dealing with molarity problems, it is crucial to understand how to convert units (for example, from grams to moles and liters).
   • To facilitate understanding, the teacher can use concrete examples, such as preparing lemonade (how many lemons and how many grams of sugar are needed to prepare 1L of lemonade with a certain molarity of citric acid).
2. Demonstration of the application of the theory (5 - 7 minutes):
   • The teacher should solve molarity problems step by step, ensuring that students understand the calculation process.
   • The importance of starting with the balanced chemical equation should be highlighted, to determine the mole ratio between the solute and the solvent.
   • The teacher should show how to convert mass units (if applicable) and volume, if necessary, to arrive at the molarity answer.
3. Student practice (5 - 6 minutes):
   • After the theoretical explanation and demonstration, students should be encouraged to solve molarity problems on their own.
   • The teacher should walk around the classroom, assisting students who have difficulties and ensuring that everyone is actively participating.
   • It is important for the teacher to promote discussion among students, encouraging them to explain their strategies for solving problems and justify their answers.
4. Group activity (if time allows) (3 - 5 minutes):
   • If there is time available, the teacher can propose a group activity where students must solve a molarity problem together.
   • The teacher should guide the groups, encouraging discussion and collaboration among members.
   • After solving the problem, each group should present its solution to the class, allowing all students to see different approaches to the same problem.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Discussion and Reflection (3 - 4 minutes):

   • The teacher should start the Return by promoting a discussion in the classroom about the concepts learned.
   • Students can be asked to share their insights on how molarity can be applied in common everyday situations, such as in food preparation, the pharmaceutical industry, among others.
   • The teacher should encourage students to explain the calculations performed and justify their answers, promoting critical thinking and argumentation skills.

2. Connection to the real world (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should reinforce the importance of the concept of molarity, highlighting how it is present in various everyday applications.
   • Concrete examples can be cited, such as the use of molarity in the preparation of medications, food production, household cleaning, among others.
   • The teacher should encourage students to think about other everyday situations where molarity can be applied, promoting reflection and connection of the content to the real world.

3. Learning verification (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should propose a brief quiz or a review activity to verify students' understanding of the topic.
   • For example, students can be asked to calculate the molarity of a given solution or to solve a molarity problem.
   • The teacher should walk around the classroom, observing the problem-solving process and clarifying any doubts.

4. Feedback and clarification of doubts (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should conclude the Return by providing feedback on students' participation and performance in the proposed activities.
   • This is an opportunity to clarify any remaining doubts and reinforce the most important concepts about molarity.
   • The teacher should encourage students to continue studying the subject and seek help whenever necessary.
   • Additional study materials can also be suggested, such as videos, books, websites, among others, to complement learning.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should summarize the main points discussed during the lesson, reinforcing the concept of molarity and how to calculate it.
   • The importance of correctly converting units (from grams to moles and liters, for example) when performing molarity calculations should be highlighted.
   • The teacher should remind students of the problem situations presented at the beginning of the lesson and show how the molarity theory can be applied to solve them.
   • It can be useful to draw a parallel between the theory presented and the solved practice, reinforcing the importance of understanding the theory to be able to apply it correctly.

2. Connection of Theory with Practice (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected the theory (molarity concept) with practice (solving molarity problems).
   • It should be emphasized how the problem situations presented at the beginning of the lesson were solved using the molarity theory, reinforcing the practical application of the concept.
   • The teacher can highlight how solving molarity problems can be useful in various everyday situations, such as in food preparation, the pharmaceutical industry, among others.

3. Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of molarity.
   • Chemistry books covering the topic, explanatory videos available on the internet, Chemistry websites with exercises and explanations, among others, can be indicated.
   • The teacher should emphasize that autonomous study and seeking knowledge beyond the classroom are essential for effective learning.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute):

   • Finally, the teacher should reinforce the relevance of the subject presented to students' lives, highlighting how understanding and applying the concept of molarity can be useful in various everyday situations.
   • Concrete examples can be cited, such as the importance of molarity in the preparation of medications, food production, household cleaning, among others.
   • The teacher should encourage students to think about other everyday situations where molarity can be applied, promoting reflection and connection of the content to the real world.