Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Kinematics: Position Change

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to ensure that students clearly understand what is expected of them during the lesson. Establishing clear objectives provides guidance for both the teacher and the students, ensuring that everyone is aligned regarding the expected outcomes. This also helps to maintain focus during the explanation and facilitates the evaluation of student understanding at the end of the lesson.

Main Objectives

1. Understand that when an object moves along a trajectory, it is in motion and its position changes.

2. Calculate the variation between two distinct moments in a trajectory, such as an object that started at position 2 and ended at position 5.

3. Identify and differentiate between initial and final position in a trajectory.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to capture students' attention and contextualize the topic in an interesting and relevant way for their lives. By connecting theoretical content with practical and everyday examples, understanding the concepts to be discussed is facilitated, in addition to generating greater engagement and interest in the subject.

Context

Start the lesson by asking students about everyday situations in which they observe objects in motion, such as cars on the streets, people walking, or even the trajectory of a ball in a football game. Use these situations to introduce the idea that any object in motion travels along a trajectory and, throughout this trajectory, its position changes constantly. Explain that the position of a moving object can be described and analyzed in various ways, which will be the focus of today's lesson.

Curiosities

Did you know that the GPS technology we use to locate ourselves and plot routes on our smartphones is based on the concepts of position variation? It calculates the difference between the initial position and the final position to determine the best route and estimate arrival times. This shows how kinematics is practically and essentially present in our daily lives!

Development

Duration: (45 - 55 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to provide students with a detailed understanding of the concepts of position variation and trajectory. This includes the ability to calculate the position variation between two distinct points. By addressing these topics clearly and providing practical examples, students will be able to apply these concepts to real-world problems and develop a solid foundation in kinematics.

Covered Topics

1. Position Variation: Explain that the position of a moving object can be described in relation to a reference point, and this position can change over time. Position variation is the difference between the final position and the initial position of the moving object. 2. Trajectory: Detail that the trajectory is the path taken by the moving object. It can be straight (a straight line) or curved (curves). Analyzing the trajectory helps to understand how the position of the object changes over time. 3. Calculation of Position Variation: Teach how to calculate position variation using the formula Δx = xf - xi, where Δx is the position variation, xf is the final position, and xi is the initial position. Make it clear that this formula is essential for solving kinematics problems.

Classroom Questions

1. A car started its trajectory at position 3 km and ended at position 8 km. What was the car's position variation? 2. A person walked from position 5 m to position 12 m. Calculate this person's position variation. 3. If a cyclist moves from position 10 m to position 4 m, what is the cyclist's position variation?

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to ensure that students understand and consolidate the concepts discussed during the lesson. By discussing the answers to the presented questions in detail, the teacher can identify possible difficulties and clarify doubts, promoting a deeper understanding. Furthermore, engaging students through reflective questions allows them to connect theoretical content with their everyday experiences, making learning more meaningful.

Discussion

• Question 1: A car started its trajectory at position 3 km and ended at position 8 km. What was the car's position variation?

Explanation: To calculate position variation (Δx), use the formula Δx = xf - xi. Therefore, Δx = 8 km - 3 km = 5 km. The position variation of the car is 5 km.

• Question 2: A person walked from position 5 m to position 12 m. Calculate this person's position variation.

Explanation: Using the formula Δx = xf - xi, we have: Δx = 12 m - 5 m = 7 m. The position variation of the person is 7 m.

• Question 3: If a cyclist moves from position 10 m to position 4 m, what is the cyclist's position variation?

Explanation: Applying the formula Δx = xf - xi, we obtain: Δx = 4 m - 10 m = -6 m. The position variation of the cyclist is -6 m, indicating that they moved 6 meters in the opposite direction.

Student Engagement

1. How does position variation help to understand the motion of an object? 2. Why is it important to define a reference point when describing the position of an object? 3. In what other everyday situations can you identify position variation? 4. How can understanding position variation be useful in other subjects or activities, such as sports or navigation? 5. What difficulties did you encounter when calculating position variation? How can we overcome them?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to recap the main points covered in the lesson, ensuring that students have a clear and consolidated understanding of the concepts. It also serves to connect theory with practical applications, demonstrating the relevance of the content and promoting reflection on its importance in everyday life.

Summary

• The position of a moving object can be described in relation to a reference point.
• Position variation is the difference between the final position (xf) and the initial position (xi) of a moving object, calculated using the formula Δx = xf - xi.
• Trajectory is the path taken by the object, which can be straight or curved.
• Position variation can be positive or negative, indicating the direction of movement.

During the lesson, everyday examples were used, such as cars, walking people, and sports trajectories, to explain the concepts of position variation and trajectory. Additionally, it was shown how these concepts are applied in technologies like GPS, connecting theory with practical and real applications.

Understanding position variation is fundamental not only for physics but also for various situations in daily life. For instance, in navigation and GPS use, in sports to analyze movements, and even to comprehend displacements in vehicles. These concepts help interpret and predict movements, becoming essential tools for various fields.