Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the Historical Context of Ancient Egypt: Students should be able to contextualize Ancient Egypt within the timeline of world history, identifying the main characteristics of the period, the changes that occurred over time, and the reasons for these changes.

2. Identification and Analysis of the Main Aspects of Egyptian Civilization: Students should be able to identify and describe the main aspects of Egyptian civilization, including social, political, and economic organization, religious beliefs and practices, art and architecture, and scientific and technological achievements.

3. Development of Critical and Analytical Thinking: Throughout the lesson, students should be encouraged to develop critical and analytical thinking skills, applying the acquired knowledge to analyze and reflect on contemporary and universal issues, such as the role of religion in society, the importance of art and architecture in culture, and the impact of scientific and technological innovations on human development.

Secondary Objectives:

• Encouragement of Research and Self-learning: Throughout the lesson, students should be encouraged to seek additional information about Ancient Egypt, complementing the content presented in the classroom and developing research and self-learning skills.

• Promotion of Group Work and Effective Communication: During classroom activities, students should be encouraged to work in groups, promoting the exchange of ideas and the development of effective communication skills.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content:

   • The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students about the concept of civilization and its components, such as social, political, economic organization, religious beliefs, art and architecture, and scientific and technological achievements. This review is essential to prepare the ground for the Introduction of Ancient Egypt as a civilization.

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios:

   • The teacher can propose two problem-solving scenarios to spark students' interest:
     • Scenario 1: What would it be like to live in a society where religion permeates all aspects of life, from laws to daily tasks?
     • Scenario 2: How did the construction of large structures, such as the pyramids, affect the economy and society of Ancient Egypt?

3. Contextualization of the Subject's Importance:

   • The teacher should highlight the importance of studying Ancient Egypt, emphasizing that this civilization was one of the oldest and most influential in history, contributing significantly to the development of humanity, especially in the areas of architecture, mathematics, medicine, and law.

4. Engaging Students' Attention:

   • The teacher can share some curiosities about Ancient Egypt to arouse students' curiosity and interest, for example:
     • Curiosity 1: The ancient Egyptians believed that their pharaohs were living gods and, therefore, the pharaohs were buried in large pyramids, which served as tombs but also as temples for the worship of the pharaoh as a deity.
     • Curiosity 2: Ancient Egypt was one of the first civilizations to develop a writing system, known as hieroglyphs, which consisted of a combination of pictorial symbols and ideograms.
   • The teacher can then introduce the topic of the lesson: "Today, we will explore the fascinating world of Ancient Egypt, a civilization that has left us a lasting legacy of art, science, and culture."

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity "Building a Scale Pyramid": (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Description: Students will be divided into groups of 4 to 5 people. Each group will receive a task: to build a scale pyramid using paper, pens, and a ruler. The pyramid must be a replica of one of the famous pyramids of Ancient Egypt, such as the Pyramid of Khufu. Students must calculate the scale, draw the plan, and then build the pyramid.

   • Objective: This activity aims to help students understand the complexity and work involved in the construction of the pyramids of Ancient Egypt. In addition, students will apply mathematical concepts, such as scale, and planning and construction skills.

   • Activity Steps:

     1. The teacher should provide students with materials for building the pyramid (paper, pens, ruler, glue, scissors, etc.).
     2. The teacher should explain the task and the rules to the students (for example, the pyramid must be to scale, all group members must participate, etc.).
     3. Students must research and decide which pyramid of Ancient Egypt they will replicate.
     4. Students must calculate the scale of the pyramid and draw the plan.
     5. Students must build the pyramid using the provided materials.
     6. At the end of the activity, each group must present their pyramid and explain the construction process.

2. Activity "Egyptian Gods": (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Description: In this activity, students will continue working in groups. Each group will receive a list of Egyptian deities with their characteristics and responsibilities. The goal is for students to create a "deck of cards" with the deities, where each card will have a deity, its name, its representation, and its main characteristics and responsibilities.

   • Objective: This activity aims to deepen students' knowledge of the religion of Ancient Egypt, specifically about its deities. In addition, the activity will develop research skills and the ability to synthesize and organize information.

   • Activity Steps:

     1. The teacher should provide students with basic information about Egyptian deities (name, representation, main characteristics, and responsibilities).
     2. Students, in their groups, must research more about the assigned deities and add information to the list.
     3. Using the collected information, students must create the cards for the "deck of cards".
     4. At the end of the activity, each group must present their "deck of cards" and explain the represented deities.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Sharing Solutions or Conclusions (3 - 4 minutes):

   • After the conclusion of the group activities, the teacher should allow each group to share their solutions, conclusions, or products with the class. Each group should have a maximum of 3 minutes to present. During the presentations, other students should be encouraged to ask questions or make comments, promoting interaction and debate.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes):

   • After all presentations, the teacher should give a quick review of the theoretical concepts that were applied during the group activities. The teacher should highlight how building the scale pyramids helped understand the complexity of Egyptian architecture and the application of mathematics in the daily life of the ancient Egyptians. Additionally, the teacher should emphasize how the "Egyptian Gods" activity allowed for a deeper understanding of the religious beliefs and practices of Ancient Egypt.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should then propose that students reflect for a minute on the following questions:
     1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
     2. What questions have not been answered yet?
   • After the minute of reflection, the teacher should ask some students to share their answers with the class. This exchange of ideas will allow the teacher to assess students' understanding of the lesson content and identify any gaps that need to be addressed in future lessons.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 minute):

   • Finally, the teacher should thank the students for their active participation and effort during the lesson. The teacher may also provide general feedback on the class performance, praising positive contributions and offering constructive suggestions for future improvements. The teacher should then encourage students to continue studying about Ancient Egypt and to prepare for the next lesson.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should summarize the main points covered during the lesson, reinforcing the importance of each one. The social, political, and economic organization of Ancient Egypt, religious beliefs and practices, art and architecture, and scientific and technological achievements should be recapped. The teacher should also recall the activities carried out, highlighting how they contributed to the understanding of the contents.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. It should be emphasized how the theoretical knowledge about Ancient Egypt was applied during the practical activities, such as building the scale pyramids and creating the "deck of cards" of deities. Additionally, the teacher should mention how the study of Ancient Egypt has real-world applications, such as understanding ancient societies and developing research, critical thinking, and group work skills.

3. Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should suggest additional materials for students to deepen their knowledge about Ancient Egypt. These materials may include books, documentaries, educational websites, and virtual museums. The teacher should emphasize that reading and autonomous research are essential tools for effective learning.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute):

   • Finally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of studying Ancient Egypt for understanding human history and culture. It should be highlighted how Egyptian civilization influenced and continues to influence various areas of knowledge, such as architecture, mathematics, medicine, art, and religion. The teacher should also emphasize that studying Ancient Egypt can help students develop a broader and more critical perspective on the world they live in.