Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. The students will gain a comprehensive understanding of Ancient Greece as a civilization that prospered from the 8th to the 6th centuries BCE. They should be able to articulate the key elements that made Ancient Greece a significant civilization.

2. The students will learn about the influential contributions of Ancient Greece to various areas of human knowledge, including democracy, philosophy, literature, art, and architecture. They should be able to explain the impacts of these contributions on modern society.

3. The students will familiarize themselves with iconic examples of Ancient Greek culture, such as the Parthenon, and the works of Plato and Aristotle. They should be able to identify their significance and their enduring influence on various aspects of modern culture.

Secondary Objectives:

• The students will develop their research skills by independently exploring the provided resources on Ancient Greece. They should be able to effectively extract, interpret, and communicate the information they find.

• The students will enhance their critical thinking skills by analyzing and discussing the importance and impacts of Ancient Greek civilization. They should be able to construct logical arguments and defend their points of view.

• The students will improve their collaboration skills by working together in pairs or groups during the classroom activities. They should be able to effectively cooperate, communicate, and contribute to their groups.

Introduction (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher begins the class by reminding the students of their previous lessons on early civilizations, underlining the importance of understanding the historical context of Ancient Greece. The teacher can use a quick recap quiz or a brainstorming session to engage the students in recalling the key concepts.

2. The teacher presents two hypothetical situations to the class:

   • Situation one: "Imagine you live in a society where there is no rule of law, no system of government, and everyone fends for themselves. How would life be?"

   • Situation two: "Now, imagine living in a society where decisions are made collectively, where there are established laws, and a system of government. How different would life be?"

   These situations are designed to lead into the introduction of Ancient Greece as a civilization known for its groundbreaking contributions to democracy.

3. The teacher then links Ancient Greece's contributions to real-world scenarios, explaining how their concepts of democracy and philosophy have shaped modern governments and intellectual discourse. The teacher should emphasize that many of the principles and ideas we take for granted today originated in Ancient Greece.

4. To spark the students' curiosity, the teacher could share some interesting facts or stories about Ancient Greece. For instance:

   • Curiosity one: The teacher could mention that the Ancient Greeks had different forms of government in different city-states. For example, Athens had a democracy, while Sparta had a military oligarchy. This fact could spark a discussion on the diversity within Ancient Greece itself.

   • Curiosity two: The teacher could share the story of the Battle of Thermopylae, where 300 Spartans bravely fought against a much larger Persian army. This story could be used as an example of the bravery and military strategy of the Ancient Greeks.

The introduction serves as a foundation for the topic of Ancient Greece, setting the stage for further exploration and discussions during the lesson.

Development

Pre-Class Activities (25 - 30 minutes)

1. The students are provided with various resources on Ancient Greece before the class. These resources may include written texts, videos, podcasts, and interactive online quizzes. The teacher should ensure that these resources cover the spectrum of Ancient Greek civilization - its history, geography, societal structure, contribution to arts, literature, and architecture, and its impact on the world.

2. Reading Task: Students are required to read chapters in their textbooks or articles online that discuss Ancient Greece's history and its contributions to modern society. They should be able to identify significant aspects of Ancient Greek life and culture.

3. Watch and Listen: Students watch a video or listen to a podcast that explains Ancient Greece's significance, focusing on the aspects not covered in their reading task. This allows the students a richer, multi-media exploration of the topic. They should take notes, focusing on the main points and unique information.

4. Reflection Piece: After engaging with the materials, students are asked to write a reflection text outlining their understanding of Ancient Greek civilization, its major contributions, and the relevance of those contributions today. This text helps the students consolidate their learning.

In-Class Activities (10 - 15 minutes)

Activity One: "Running a Greek City-State"

1. The students are divided into groups of 5. Each group is assigned a city-state from Ancient Greece, either Athens or Sparta.

2. Each group is given a scenario, e.g., "There is a food shortage in your city," "You have been threatened by an enemy civilization," etc. Each group has to devise a plan and make decisions based on their assigned city-state - a democracy (Athens) or a military oligarchy (Sparta). This activity encourages students to understand the differences in governance types and their impacts on decision-making.

3. Once the groups have come up with their solutions, they are asked to present their plans to the 'assembly' (the whole class), defending their reasoning and explaining how the city-state's government structure influenced their decisions.

Activity Two: "Creating a Parthenon"

1. Each group is given a box of craft materials - colored paper, pencils, markers, scissors, etc. The task is to collaboratively build a model of the Parthenon.

2. While the physical creation of the Parthenon is fun, it also prompts the students to research and understand the architectural specifics of the monument. The teacher can provide a brief explanation or a handout detailing the importance of the Parthenon in Ancient Greek's architectural landscape.

3. Once complete, each group presents their Parthenon to the class, explaining the architectural features they incorporated into their model and their significance in the ancient world.

These playful group activities allow the students to apply what they learned from their pre-class assignments, engaging different skills and learners in critical thinking and creative problem-solving. Meanwhile, they also further their understanding of Ancient Greek civilization through practical application and peer discussion.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion:

   • The teacher facilitates a group discussion where each group shares the solutions or conclusions they drew from their group activities within a 3-minute timeframe. This practice encourages students to succinctly summarize their findings and encourages active listening among their peers.

   • In this discussion, the teacher guides students to connect their activity outcomes with the theoretical information they learned in their pre-class assignments. For instance, how the governance structure of their assigned city-state influenced their decision-making process, or how the architectural features they incorporated into their Parthenon model reflect Ancient Greek architectural principles.

   • The teacher should ensure that each group gets an equal opportunity to share their insights and should encourage other students to ask questions or provide constructive feedback to their peers.

2. Assessment:

   • After each group has presented, the teacher provides feedback. This feedback should highlight the strengths of the group's work, areas for improvement, and further connections to the theoretical material.

   • The teacher should also assess how well the students understood and applied the knowledge of Ancient Greece in their activities. For instance, did they make decisions in line with their city-state's type of governance? Did they correctly incorporate and explain the architectural features of the Parthenon?

3. Reflection:

   • After the group discussions and feedback, the teacher encourages the students to reflect on the day's lesson. The students are asked to take a moment and think about what they have learned.

   • The teacher poses reflection questions such as:

     1. "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
     2. "What questions do you still have about Ancient Greece?"
     3. "How do you see the influence of Ancient Greece in today's world?"

   • The students are given a few minutes to think about these questions. They can share their reflections out loud or write them down. This reflection time allows the students to consolidate their learning and articulate their understanding.

   • The questions that remain unanswered can serve as a starting point for the next lesson or as topics for further individual research.

The feedback stage is vital in a flipped classroom model as it allows students to reflect on what they have learned, receive constructive criticism, and understand the relevance and application of the theoretical knowledge in a practical setting. The teacher should ensure that this stage is conducted in a supportive and encouraging environment to foster open communication and collaborative learning.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Recap: The teacher concludes the lesson by summarizing the main points discussed during the class. They remind the students of the significant aspects of Ancient Greece, from its groundbreaking contributions to democracy, philosophy, literature, art, and architecture to its enduring influence on modern society. They also recap the insights gained from the two group activities - the decision-making process in different types of governance and the architectural significance of the Parthenon.

2. Connection: The teacher highlights how the lesson connected theoretical knowledge with practical application. They emphasize that the pre-class assignments provided the students with a solid foundation of information on Ancient Greece, which they then applied in the in-class activities. The teacher points out that these activities encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration - skills that are vital in understanding and analyzing historical contexts.

3. Further Learning: The teacher suggests additional resources to complement the students' understanding of Ancient Greece. These resources could include books, documentaries, museum visits, or even virtual reality tours of Ancient Greek sites. They encourage the students to continue exploring and learning about Ancient Greece beyond the classroom, emphasizing the importance of curiosity and independent learning.

4. Everyday Relevance: Lastly, the teacher explains the relevance of Ancient Greece in everyday life, emphasizing its profound impact on modern society. They discuss how Ancient Greek principles of democracy form the foundation of many modern governmental systems, how philosophical ideas influence contemporary thought, and how Ancient Greek literature and art inspire today's creative works. They underline the importance of understanding history to better appreciate and contextualize our present world.

The conclusion serves to wrap up the lesson, reinforcing the key points, and linking them to broader contexts. It also motivates students to continue learning and sparks curiosity about the world beyond the classroom. It is a necessary step to consolidate the learning process, making the knowledge gained more meaningful and enduring.