Rencana Pelajaran | Rencana Pelajaran Tradisional | World: UN and Intergovernmental Organizations

Tujuan

Durasi: 10 to 15 minutes

This stage aims to give students a clear understanding of the UN's role in the global landscape, emphasising both its historical and contemporary significance. Through learning about the establishment, functions, and actions of the UN, students will better grasp the complexities of international relations and the importance of intergovernmental organisations in promoting peace and humanitarian efforts.

Tujuan Utama:

1. Explain how the UN was established and its role in the world after World War II.

2. Describe the main functions the UN performs in international conflicts and humanitarian aid.

3. Analyse practical examples of UN interventions and peacekeeping missions.

Pendahuluan

Durasi: 10 to 15 minutes

The aim here is to present students with relevant historical context regarding the establishment of the UN, underlining the importance of this organisation on the global stage. By understanding how the UN came into being and the motivations behind its creation, students will appreciate the functions and actions that will be discussed throughout the lesson.

Tahukah kamu?

Did you know that the UN currently has 193 member countries? That means almost every nation on the planet is part of this organisation, working together to sustain peace and enhance global well-being. The UN’s headquarters is in New York, where representatives from various countries convene to address pressing issues.

Kontekstualisasi

Begin by informing students that the world went through two catastrophic wars in the 20th century, known as World War I and World War II. Once World War II wrapped up in 1945, world leaders recognised the pressing need for an international body to foster global peace and security, aiming to ward off future conflicts of such scale. This led to the founding of the United Nations (UN), which aimed to unite countries in seeking peaceful solutions to worldwide challenges. It’s important to highlight that the UN not only focuses on conflict resolution, but also on crucial areas like human rights, economic progress, and humanitarian relief.

Konsep

Durasi: 60 to 70 minutes

This stage aims to deepen students' understanding of the UN’s diverse roles in the global context. By exploring the structure, functions, and actions of the UN, students will gain a clearer insight into how this organisation contributes to peace, security, human rights, and sustainable development. Engaging with the questions will allow students to apply their knowledge and critically reflect on the importance of the UN and its involvement in today's world.

Topik Relevan

1. Creation of the UN: Describe how the UN was established in 1945 post-World War II to prevent such conflicts from occurring again and to promote global peace and security.

2. Structure of the UN: Outline the main organs of the UN, including the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Secretariat, and the International Court of Justice, explaining their functions and responsibilities.

3. Functions of the UN in International Conflicts: Detail the UN’s role in mediating conflicts, undertaking peacekeeping missions, and imposing sanctions. Provide examples of successful interventions, such as peacekeeping efforts in East Timor and Liberia.

4. Humanitarian Aid: Outline the UN’s initiatives during humanitarian crises, aiding refugees via UNHCR and addressing natural disasters and hunger through the World Food Programme (WFP).

5. Human Rights: Discuss the UN's efforts in advocating and safeguarding human rights, mentioning the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the work done by the Human Rights Council.

6. Sustainable Development: Touch on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and how the UN strives to achieve these worldwide targets by 2030.

Untuk Memperkuat Pembelajaran

1. Why was the UN established after World War II? What were the main motivations of global leaders?

2. What is the role of the UN Security Council? How does it help maintain international peace and security?

3. Can you give an example of a UN peacekeeping mission? What was the aim of this mission, and what impact did it have?

Umpan Balik

Durasi: 15 to 20 minutes

This stage is meant to review and solidify students' learning, providing a platform for discussion and critical contemplation. By addressing responses to the questions and encouraging students to pose fresh inquiries and insights, the teacher reinforces students' understanding of the UN’s role and significance in a global context.

Diskusi Konsep

1. Why was the UN created after World War II? What were the main motivations of global leaders? 2. The UN came into being after World War II due to the crucial need to prevent future conflicts at such a devastating scale. World leaders were keen to create an entity focused on fostering global peace and security. The catastrophic impacts of the war and the desire to cultivate a more stable and secure world were key drivers behind the establishment of the UN. 3. What is the role of the UN Security Council? How does it contribute to maintaining international peace and security? 4. The UN Security Council is tasked with maintaining international peace and security. It has the power to make binding decisions that UN member states are required to obey, such as implementing sanctions and authorising peacekeeping missions. The Security Council can intervene in disputes, advocate for peaceful resolutions, and, in severe cases, authorise the use of force to uphold or restore peace and security. 5. Give an example of a UN peacekeeping mission. What was the objective of this mission and what was its impact? 6. A notable example of a UN peacekeeping mission is the operation in East Timor (UNTAET). The mission's aim was to support the transition of East Timor towards independence following years of Indonesian occupation. This operation included administering the region, facilitating democratic elections, and establishing governmental frameworks. Its outcomes were significant, culminating in East Timor's independence in 2002 and contributing to the nation’s stability and political growth.

Melibatkan Siswa

1. Why do you think it's necessary to have an organisation like the UN following World War II? 2. In your view, what's the most critical function of the UN Security Council? Please explain your reasoning. 3. Are you aware of any other UN peacekeeping operations? Research a recent mission and share its goals and effects with the class. 4. How might the UN enhance its actions in international conflicts? 5. Reflecting on the UN's humanitarian efforts, which do you deem the most crucial, and why?

Kesimpulan

Durasi: 10 to 15 minutes

The aim of this stage is to recap and consolidate the students' understanding, summarising the critical points discussed in the lesson and emphasising the practical relevance of the content. This ensures that students leave with a clear and comprehensive grasp of the UN’s role in the global arena.

Ringkasan

['The UN was established in 1945 following World War II to foster global peace and security.', 'The structure of the UN comprises the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Secretariat, and the International Court of Justice.', 'The UN is active in mediating international conflicts, conducting peacekeeping missions, and imposing sanctions.', 'The UN provides humanitarian aid during crises involving refugees, natural disasters, and food shortages through organisations like UNHCR and the WFP.', 'The UN works to promote and protect human rights, as highlighted by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the oversight of the Human Rights Council.', 'The UN aims to realise the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the year 2030.']

Koneksi

The lesson linked theory and practice by detailing real-world examples of UN interventions and peacekeeping missions, such as those in East Timor and Liberia, showcasing how the organisation effectively addresses conflicts and provides humanitarian aid during global emergencies.

Relevansi Tema

This topic resonates deeply with students' lives, as the UN plays a vital role in upholding global peace and enhancing worldwide welfare. Additionally, grasping the UN's workings entails better comprehension of international relations and the importance of global cooperation.