Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of area in a playful and contextualized way, using drawings and everyday objects to exemplify.

2. Identify the area formula in a simplified way, emphasizing that the area is the amount of space occupied by a flat figure.

3. Use the area formula to solve simple problems, stimulating logical reasoning and the practical application of the concept.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate active student participation through questions and interactive activities to promote a collaborative learning environment.

• Develop mathematical communication skills, encouraging students to express their ideas and solutions clearly and coherently.

• Spark students' interest in the study of mathematics, demonstrating the importance and usefulness of this knowledge in daily life.

The teacher must ensure that students achieve these objectives through a sequence of activities that progress gradually and provide opportunities for practice and application of the area concept.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Content Review: The teacher starts the lesson by reminding students about basic concepts of plane geometry, such as what flat figures are and what the most common flat figures are (square, rectangle, triangle, and circle). Additionally, the teacher may provide a brief review of what multiplication and addition are.

2. Problem Situations: The teacher proposes two problem situations that illustrate the need to measure the area of a figure. For example:

   • 'Imagine you own a carpet store. How would you determine how many carpets you could place in a room without them overlapping?'
   • 'You are in a park and want to organize a picnic with your friends. How would you figure out how many picnic blankets you would need to cover a certain area of the lawn?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher explains that these problem situations are examples of real-life situations where we need to calculate the area of a figure. He may mention other everyday situations, such as measuring the area of a plot of land, the area of a room for painting, the area of a sheet of paper, among others.

4. Topic Introduction: The teacher then introduces the topic of the lesson - Basic Area Formula - explaining that it is a way to calculate the area of a figure quickly and accurately. He may say that the area formula is like a 'recipe' that helps us find the area of a figure without having to measure all its sides.

5. Curiosities: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about area. For example:

   • 'Did you know that the idea of area was used by the ancient Egyptians? They needed to measure the area of their lands after the flooding of the Nile River to know how much land was available for planting.'
   • 'And did you know that the area of a circle is calculated using the number pi? Pi is a mathematical constant that represents the relationship between the circumference of a circle and its diameter.'

This way, the teacher can introduce the topic in an interesting and engaging way, arousing students' curiosity and preparing them for learning the concept of area and its basic formula.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Presentation of the Basic Area Formula:

   1.1. The teacher starts by explaining that the area is the amount of space a figure occupies. He emphasizes that the area is always expressed in square units, such as square centimeters (cm²) or square meters (m²).

   1.2. The teacher presents the area formula for each basic flat figure in a simplified way, using language and terms that students can understand. He can use drawings on the board or posters with the formulas for each figure (for example, A = base x height for rectangles and parallelograms, A = base x height / 2 for triangles, A = radius x radius x π for circles) and explain each part of the formula.

   1.3. The teacher explains that the area formula is like a 'magic formula' that gives us the right answer for the area of a figure, as long as we know the correct measurements (base, height, and radius). He emphasizes that, to use the formula, it is important to measure the dimensions of the figure correctly and use the correct units.

2. Application of the Area Formula in Examples:

   2.1. The teacher chooses some simple examples to apply the area formula and asks students to help solve them. For example, the teacher can draw a rectangle on the board and ask students to calculate the area. The teacher would guide the students through the calculation, showing how to use the formula and the necessary steps to arrive at the answer.

   2.2. The teacher continues to do this for each basic flat figure, using different examples and gradually increasing the complexity. He emphasizes the importance of always paying attention to the units of measurement and providing correct and complete answers (for example, 'The area of the rectangle is 20 cm²' instead of just '20').

3. Group Practical Activity:

   3.1. The teacher divides the class into groups of up to 5 students. Each group receives a box with various objects of different shapes (rectangles, triangles, circles, etc.) and a tape measure.

   3.2. The challenge for each group is to measure the dimensions of each object and calculate the area using the area formula. They must record their calculations in a notebook and present the answers to the class.

   3.3. The teacher circulates around the room, helping and guiding the groups as needed. He can also propose additional challenges for the groups that complete the task more quickly, such as calculating the total area of the objects in the box or finding the object with the largest and smallest area.

4. Group Discussion:

   4.1. After all groups have presented their solutions, the teacher leads a group discussion. He highlights the different methods used by the groups to calculate the area and reinforces the importance of measuring the dimensions correctly and using the correct units.

   4.2. The teacher also takes the opportunity to reinforce the concepts learned by asking questions like 'What is the difference between perimeter and area?' or 'How is the area of a figure affected if the base or height is doubled?'

   4.3. Finally, the teacher praises the efforts of all students and reinforces the idea that, with practice and perseverance, they will be able to calculate the area of any flat figure.

This way, students will have the opportunity to learn about the area formula in an engaging and practical way, and see how mathematics can be applied in everyday situations.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes):

   1.1. The teacher gathers all students in a large circle, promoting an environment of open and collaborative discussion. Each group is invited to share their solutions, challenges encountered, and strategies used during the practical activity.

   1.2. The teacher encourages students to explain the steps they followed to calculate the area of each figure, the measurements they used, and how they applied the area formula. He also asks other students if they had a different approach to solving the same problem.

   1.3. During the discussion, the teacher asks questions to stimulate students' critical thinking, such as 'Why do you think the area formula is different for each type of flat figure?' or 'Can you think of another way to calculate the area of a figure, besides using the formula?'.

2. Connection with Theory (3 - 5 minutes):

   2.1. After the discussion, the teacher reviews the main points of the lesson, reinforcing the concept of area, the importance of the area formula, and how it applies to different flat figures.

   2.2. The teacher also highlights the strategies and approaches that students shared during the discussion, relating them to the theory presented and demonstrating the diversity of possible solutions to the same problem.

   2.3. He also takes the opportunity to correct any misconceptions or misunderstandings that may have arisen during the practical activity, clarifying doubts and reinforcing the most important points.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes):

   3.1. To conclude the lesson, the teacher proposes that students reflect for a moment on what they have learned. He asks two simple questions to guide this reflection:

    3.1.1. 'What was most interesting or surprising to you about the concept of area and the area formula?'
    
    3.1.2. 'How do you think you can apply what you learned today in everyday situations?'
   

   3.2. The teacher gives a minute for students to think about the answers and then invites some volunteers to share their reflections with the class.

   3.3. The teacher praises the students' answers, reinforcing the importance of what they have learned and the confidence that they will be able to apply this knowledge meaningfully.

4. Closure (1 - 2 minutes):

   4.1. The teacher thanks everyone for their participation, highlighting the effort and dedication shown by the students during the lesson.

   4.2. He also emphasizes that mathematics does not need to be difficult or intimidating, but rather a powerful tool that helps us understand and solve real-world problems.

   4.3. Finally, the teacher encourages students to continue exploring the fascinating world of mathematics at home, through games, challenges, and fun activities.

This way, the return provides students with the opportunity to reflect on what they have learned, connect theory with practice, and consolidate their knowledge through discussion and reflection.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes):

   1.1. The teacher starts the conclusion by reviewing the main points covered in the lesson. He recaps the concept of area, emphasizing that it is the amount of space occupied by a flat figure.

   1.2. Next, the teacher reviews the area formulas for each basic flat figure, such as rectangle, parallelogram, triangle, and circle, highlighting that each figure has its own formula.

   1.3. The teacher also recalls the importance of measuring the dimensions of figures correctly and using the appropriate units of measurement when calculating the area.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes):

   2.1. The teacher explains that during the lesson, students had the opportunity to connect theory with practice. He emphasizes that through the group practical activity, students were able to apply the area formulas to solve real problems.

   2.2. The teacher reinforces that mathematics is not just about numbers and calculations, but also about solving real-world problems. He emphasizes that by understanding the concept of area and its application, students are developing a skill that can be useful in various everyday situations.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   3.1. To complement learning, the teacher suggests some extra materials for students. He may recommend math books with practical activities on area, educational websites with games and challenges on the topic, as well as online videos that explain the concept of area in a simple and fun way.

   3.2. The teacher may also suggest that students practice at home, measuring the area of everyday objects with a ruler or tape measure and calculating their area using the formulas learned.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes):

   4.1. Finally, the teacher highlights the importance of the lesson subject for everyday life. He explains that the ability to calculate the area of a figure can be useful in various situations, such as planning the distribution of furniture in a room, choosing a location for an event, organizing a workspace, among others.

   4.2. The teacher emphasizes that, in addition to its practical application, the study of area also helps develop other important skills, such as logical thinking, problem-solving ability, and understanding of abstract concepts.

   4.3. Finally, the teacher encourages students to continue exploring the world of mathematics, reminding them that practice and persistence are essential for learning.

This way, the conclusion provides students with a recap of the main points learned, a connection between theory and practice, suggestions for study materials at home, and an understanding of the importance and practical application of what was learned.