Objectives (5 minutes)

1. Understanding the concept of citizenship: The teacher should introduce the concept of citizenship to the students, explaining that being a citizen implies having rights and duties in a community, society, or country. Students should understand that everyone, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, or religion, has the right to be respected and to live in a safe and just environment.

2. Identifying rights and duties of the citizen: The teacher should guide the students to identify the main rights and duties of the citizen, such as the right to life, freedom, equality, education, and health, and the duty to respect the community rules, treat others with respect, take care of the environment, among others.

3. Understanding the importance of citizenship in society: The teacher should explain to the students that citizenship is fundamental for the proper functioning of a society because when everyone fulfills their duties and respects the rights of others, they contribute to building a better place to live. In addition, students should understand that by exercising their citizenship, they have the power to change the reality around them and make a difference in people's lives.

Students should be able to articulate and express their ideas about citizenship clearly and coherently, as well as relate the concept of citizenship to real-life situations. The teacher should encourage active student participation, promote group discussions, and carry out practical activities that allow students to apply what they have learned about citizenship.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding the students about the basic notions of community and society, explaining that we all belong to different groups, such as family, school, neighborhood, city, country, and that each of these groups has its rules and norms. Additionally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of respecting differences and living peacefully and harmoniously with others.

2. Problem situations: Next, the teacher should propose two problem situations that are directly related to the students' lives and that can arouse their interest in the lesson's topic. For example:

   • "Have you ever stopped to think why we should wait our turn in the snack line or why we can't speak loudly in the classroom? This is related to our rights and duties as citizens."

   • "Have you ever seen someone littering on the street or mistreating an animal? This is not right because we all have the duty to take care of the environment and living beings."

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then explain that, just like in the classroom or at home, where we have rules to follow, in society there are also laws and norms that everyone must comply with. This is what we call citizenship. The teacher can give examples of citizen's rights and duties in daily life, such as the right to come and go, the duty to respect others, and the right to education.

4. Capturing students' attention: To capture the students' attention, the teacher can tell two short stories:

   • The first story could be about a child who, upon witnessing a disrespectful situation on the street, decides to do something about it, like calling the person's attention and explaining that everyone has the right to be treated with respect. This child would be exercising their citizenship.

   • The second story could be about a city that was very dirty and polluted until a group of children decided to organize a cleaning and awareness campaign. These children would be demonstrating their citizenship by taking care of the environment and mobilizing the community.

By the end of this stage, students should be curious and motivated to learn more about the concept of citizenship and the importance of being an active and responsible citizen.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Memory Game of Citizen's Rights and Duties

   • The teacher should prepare cards in advance with images representing different rights and duties of the citizen, such as the right to education, the duty to respect others, etc. There should be at least two cards for each right or duty, so that students can make pairs.

   • The cards should be distributed with the images facing down.

   • Each student, in turn, should flip two cards, and if the images represent the same right or duty of the citizen, the student should say out loud what is represented and how it applies to their life. Otherwise, the cards should be turned back over.

   • The game continues until all cards have been flipped. The student with the most correct pairs at the end of the game is the winner.

   • While the game is ongoing, the teacher should move around the room, listening to the students' responses and clarifying any possible doubts.

2. Creating a Citizen's Rights and Duties Mural

   • The teacher should divide the class into small groups and provide each group with a large sheet of paper, colored pens, magazines, and glue.

   • Each group should be tasked with illustrating a right or duty of the citizen on their sheet of paper. They can do this by drawing, cutting out images from magazines and gluing them, or writing short phrases that express the right or duty.

   • After all groups finish, the teacher should help them display their work on the wall, creating a "Citizen's Rights and Duties Mural".

   • The teacher should then encourage the students to walk around the room and observe the other groups' work. This allows them to see a variety of interpretations of citizen's rights and duties and promotes collaborative learning.

   • While students explore the mural, the teacher can ask questions to check the students' understanding of citizen's rights and duties and reinforce the concepts learned.

By the end of this stage, students should have a clear understanding of the citizen's rights and duties and how these concepts apply to their lives. Additionally, they will have had the opportunity to work in teams, develop artistic and creative skills, and learn from each other.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: The teacher should gather all students in a large circle for a group discussion. Each group should share what they learned during the practical activities. They should explain the citizen's right or duty they chose, how they represented it, and why they consider this right or duty important. The teacher should ensure that all students have the opportunity to speak and attentively listen to all contributions. (5 - 7 minutes)

2. Connection to Theory: After the group discussion, the teacher should recap the main concepts discussed during the lesson. The teacher should reinforce the idea that citizenship is about having rights and duties, and that everyone, including children, can be active and responsible citizens in their communities. The teacher should make a connection between the practical activities and the theory, highlighting how the activities helped understand and apply the theoretical concepts of citizenship. (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Individual Reflection: The teacher should propose that students reflect for a minute on what they learned in the lesson. The teacher can ask two simple questions to assist in the reflection:

   • "Which citizen's right or duty do you value the most and why?"

   • "How can you apply what you learned today about citizenship in your daily life?"

   After the minute of reflection, some students can be invited to share their reflections with the class. The teacher should value all contributions and reinforce the idea that each of them, even as children, can make a difference in their community through practicing citizenship. (2 - 3 minutes)

By the end of this stage, students should have had the opportunity to consolidate their learning, reflect on their participation in the lesson, and apply what they learned in their daily lives. Additionally, the group discussion and individual reflection allow the teacher to assess the students' level of understanding of the concept of citizenship and identify possible areas of difficulty for future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Summary: The teacher should start the conclusion by summarizing the main points of the lesson. They should reaffirm the concept of citizenship, explain again the importance of citizen's rights and duties and how they apply in everyday life. The teacher should highlight the most relevant conclusions that were discussed during the lesson, recalling the students' contributions and emphasizing the diversity of perspectives and interpretations. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Connection between theory and practice: Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson managed to connect theory and practice. They should recall the practical activities the students carried out, such as the Memory Game of Citizen's Rights and Duties and the Creation of the Citizen's Rights and Duties Mural, and highlight how these activities allowed students to apply and experience the theoretical concepts of citizenship. The teacher should emphasize that learning is not limited to simply receiving information but also to putting it into practice in meaningful ways. (1 - 2 minutes)

3. Extra Materials: Optionally, the teacher can suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge about citizenship. These materials may include children's books that address the theme of citizenship, educational websites with games and interactive activities on citizen's rights and duties, and educational videos that explore the concept of citizenship in a playful and accessible way for children. (1 minute)

4. Importance of the Topic: Finally, the teacher should conclude the lesson by highlighting the importance of the citizenship theme. They should explain that by understanding and practicing citizenship, students are preparing to become responsible and active citizens, capable of positively contributing to their communities and society as a whole. The teacher can give examples of how citizenship manifests in daily life, such as respecting traffic rules, voting in elections, taking care of the environment, and defending human rights. (1 minute)

By the end of this stage, students should have a clear understanding of the concept of citizenship, their rights and duties as citizens, and how they can apply this knowledge in their daily lives. Additionally, they should have developed a sense of responsibility and respect for others, fundamental values for harmonious and fair coexistence in society.