Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the notion of time: Students should be able to understand what time is and why it is important for organizing our daily activities. They should be able to identify different units of time, such as second, minute, hour, day, week, month, and year.

2. Associate events with different units of time: Students should be able to associate events from their daily lives with different units of time. They should be able to answer questions like 'How long does it take to brush your teeth?' or 'How long does it take to get to school?'.

3. Measure and compare time: Students should be able to use tools like clocks and calendars to measure and compare time. They should be able to identify differences between morning, afternoon, and evening, and use clocks to identify specific hours.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop logical reasoning skills: Through comparing events in different units of time, students will develop logical reasoning skills.
• Promote critical thinking: By answering questions about time and its applications in daily life, students will be encouraged to think critically about the subject.
• Stimulate curiosity and interest in mathematics: Through practical and relevant activities, students will be encouraged to be interested and engaged with the topic of time units.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students about what numbers are and how they are used for counting and measuring. This review is important to establish the foundation for understanding the concept of time. The teacher can propose questions like 'How many minutes are in an hour?' or 'How many days are in a week?' to engage students in the review.

2. Problem-solving situations: Next, the teacher should propose two time-related problem-solving situations to spark students' interest. For example, the teacher can ask:

   • 'If your favorite TV show starts at 7 p.m. and lasts 30 minutes, what time does it end?'
   • 'If your birthday is on March 10th and today is March 1st, how many days are left until your birthday?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain to students why it is important to learn about time. They can mention how time is used to organize our daily activities, such as waking up, going to school, having meals, playing, and sleeping. Additionally, the teacher can mention how time is used in real-world situations, like in TV shows, games, sports events, trips, and birthday parties.

4. Introduction to the topic: To introduce the topic in an engaging way, the teacher can share two fun facts about time:

   • 'Did you know that the smallest time we can measure is a second? It's the time it takes for a pendulum of a clock to swing from one side to the other.'
   • 'And did you know that the leap year, which happens every 4 years, was created to correct a difference between the time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun and the time we use in our calendar?'

This playful and interactive introduction will help prepare students for the practical activities that will follow, keeping them engaged and interested in learning about time measurement units.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Game: 'Pass the Time' (10 - 12 minutes)

   • For this game, the teacher will need a large wall clock (or a drawing of a clock on the board) and some cards with daily activities written on them (brushing teeth, having breakfast, going to school, etc.).

   • Divide the class into two teams and place the clock on the wall (or the drawing on the board) in the center of the room.

   • The teacher will show a card with an activity and ask the students how long they think it takes.

   • Each team should discuss and reach a consensus on the estimated time. When ready, a representative from each team will 'pass the time' on the clock, moving the hands to mark the duration of the activity.

   • The team that guesses the estimate wins a point.

   • The game continues until all cards are used or until the class time is up.

   • The team with the most points at the end is the winner.

2. Activity: 'Birthday Calendar' (10 - 12 minutes)

   • For this activity, the teacher will need a large calendar (or a drawing of a calendar on the board) and some star stickers.

   • The teacher will divide the class into pairs or groups of three.

   • Each group will receive a blank calendar and star stickers.

   • The goal of the activity is for each group to mark on the calendar the birthday date of each group member.

   • The group should discuss and reach a consensus on each member's birthday date and place the star sticker on the correct date.

   • The teacher will circulate around the room to assist the groups and correct any errors.

   • This activity helps students visualize the concept of time in a familiar context and applied to their lives.

3. Activity: 'Playtime' (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher will organize a charades game, where each student will have to act out an activity they do at home or at school.

   • The challenge is that the student will have to act out the activity for the time it usually takes.

   • The other students will have to guess what the activity is and what is the duration of the time represented.

   • This playful and interactive activity helps students internalize the notion of time and associate it with activities from their daily lives.

The teacher can choose one or more of these activities, depending on the available time and the pace of the class's learning. However, all activities were planned to be fun and engaging, while reinforcing the concepts of time and units of measurement.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should gather all students for a group discussion about the solutions and conclusions found in each of the activities.
   • During the discussion, the teacher should encourage students to share their discoveries, difficulties, and strategies used. It is important that everyone feels comfortable contributing and that their contributions are valued.
   • The teacher can ask questions like 'How long do you think it takes to brush your teeth?' or 'How many days are left until your birthday?' to consolidate learning and check students' understanding.
   • The teacher should take advantage of this moment to reinforce the concepts of time and units of measurement, correct any misunderstandings, and clarify any doubts students may have.

2. Connection to theory (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher should then make the connection between the practical activities and the theory learned at the beginning of the lesson. The teacher can ask things like 'How do the activities we did today connect with what we learned about units of time?' or 'How do today's games help us better understand the concept of time?'.
   • The teacher should emphasize how practical activities help make theoretical concepts more concrete and meaningful. This can help increase student engagement and motivation to learn more about the subject.

3. Final reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect for a minute on what they have learned. The teacher can ask two simple questions to guide students' reflection:
     1. 'What was the most interesting thing you learned about time today?'
     2. 'How can you use what you learned today about time in your daily life?'

This return step is crucial to consolidate students' learning, reinforce the connection between theory and practice, and promote reflection and application of the concepts learned. Additionally, it provides a valuable moment for the teacher to assess the success of the lesson in achieving its objectives and identify areas that may require reinforcement or review in future classes.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of contents: The teacher should start the conclusion of the lesson by recapping the main points covered. They should remind students about the different units of time (second, minute, hour, day, week, month, and year) and how they are used to organize our daily activities. Additionally, they should reinforce how time is measured and how we can use tools like clocks and calendars to guide us through time.

2. Connection between theory and practice: Next, the teacher should highlight how the practical activities carried out in the classroom helped consolidate students' theoretical understanding of time. They should emphasize how the game 'Pass the Time', the 'Birthday Calendar' activity, and the charades game 'Playtime' allowed students to apply the concept of time to real situations, making it more concrete and meaningful.

3. Additional materials: The teacher can suggest some extra resources for students to explore at home in order to deepen their knowledge of time. This may include children's books that address the theme of time, educational online games involving time measurement, or even daily challenges, such as estimating the time it takes to perform certain tasks. The teacher can also recommend educational websites that offer interactive activities on time, such as time measurement in different countries or time unit conversions.

4. Importance of the topic: Finally, the teacher should explain why knowledge about time and its units of measurement is important. They should reinforce how the ability to measure and compare time is vital for organizing our daily lives and for understanding the world around us. Additionally, they can mention how time is used in various fields, such as science, technology, and sports.

5. Closure: The teacher can conclude the lesson by emphasizing the importance of having fun while learning. They should remind students that mathematics can be explored in a fun and interesting way, and that the knowledge gained in the classroom can be applied to everyday situations. To conclude, the teacher can propose a challenge: 'During the week, try to guess how long it takes to do some of your favorite daily activities, like playing, reading a book, or playing a game. Then, use a clock or a timer to measure the time and see if you were right!'