Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Introduce the concept of counting in a playful and practical way, allowing students to understand the idea of quantifying objects or people.

2. Teach students to count from 1 to 10 sequentially and correctly, encouraging them to practice counting orally and with the help of their fingers.

3. Stimulate counting skills through practical activities, involving the counting of real objects in the classroom and school environment, in a way that makes learning more meaningful and contextualized.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop students' concentration and attention span during counting, encouraging them to stay focused on the activity.

• Promote interaction among students, allowing them to share their experiences and counting strategies.

• Encourage active participation of students, allowing them to feel comfortable asking questions and expressing their ideas during the lesson.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher will start the lesson with a brief review of the concept of numbers, reminding students about the numerical sequence from 1 to 10. This includes asking students which numbers they remember and requesting them to recite the numerical sequence from 1 to 10 out loud. The teacher can use number cards or the blackboard to visualize the numerical sequence.

2. Problem-solving situations: The teacher will present two problem-solving situations to spark students' interest. The first one could be: 'I have 5 apples. If I eat 2, how many apples will I have left?' The second one could be: 'In the classroom, there are 7 tables. If 3 students are sitting at each table, how many students are there in the classroom?' The teacher will encourage students to think about these situations and try to solve them using counting.

3. Contextualization: The teacher will explain to students that counting is an important skill that we use every day. For example, when we count the steps to get somewhere, when we count the toys we have, or when we count the people in a room. The teacher may also mention professions that use counting in daily life, such as supermarket cashiers, bus attendants, statisticians, among others.

4. Capturing students' attention: The teacher will propose two mathematical curiosities to capture students' interest. The first curiosity could be: 'Did you know that the highest count ever made by a person was up to the number 5 quadrillion? It took over 9 years!' The second curiosity could be: 'Did you know that in ancient Roman times, they did not use the numbers we use today? They used letters to represent numbers. For example, the number 1 was represented by the letter 'I', the number 5 by the letter 'V', and the number 10 by the letter 'X.''

This introduction will help prepare students to understand the concept of counting, making learning more interesting and fun.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

The teacher can choose one of the activities below to help students better understand the concept of counting. These activities are designed to be fun and interactive, allowing students to learn through exploration and experimentation.

1. Counting objects in the classroom: The teacher will distribute a set of small objects to each group of students (such as buttons, cubes, or puzzle pieces) and ask them to count how many objects are in each set. The teacher will encourage students to count sequentially and correctly, starting from number 1 and continuing until all objects have been counted. This activity helps students understand the concept of counting and how to apply it to real situations.

2. Dice game: The teacher will form groups of students and distribute one die to each group. Each student, in their turn, will roll the die and count the number of points that came up. The students will then mark the counted number on a board or paper. The game continues until all students have had their turn to play. The teacher will encourage students to count out loud the number of points that came up in each roll, thus consolidating the concept of counting.

3. Playing with picking objects: The teacher will scatter various objects around the room, such as paper balls, pencils, or toys. Then, they will call on one student at a time to pick a specific number of objects (for example, 'Let's pick 2 paper balls'). The students will count the objects they picked out loud. The teacher will repeat the activity until all students have had the chance to participate. This activity helps students practice counting in a playful and active way.

4. Building numbers with playdough: The teacher will distribute colored playdough to each group of students. The teacher will say a number, and the students must mold that number with the playdough. For example, if the teacher says '3', the students should mold a snake with the playdough. If the teacher says '7', the students should mold a ball with the playdough. This activity helps students associate the graphical representation of numbers with their counting.

The teacher can choose the activity they consider most suitable for their class, taking into account the available time, the students' skill level, and the resources available in the classroom. They should always ensure that students are engaged and actively participating in the activity, guiding and correcting when necessary.

Feedback (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group discussion: The teacher will gather all students in a large circle and ask each group to share their findings and solutions from the activities. Each group will have the opportunity to talk about how they counted the objects, the numbers they got with the die, the objects they picked in the game, or the numbers they molded with the playdough. The teacher will encourage students to describe the process they used to count and any strategy or pattern they noticed. During the discussion, the teacher will ask questions to help students reflect on what they learned and connect their discoveries with the concept of counting. For example: 'How did you decide where to start counting?' or 'Did you notice any patterns in the counting?' The teacher can also take this opportunity to correct any misunderstandings or errors that arose during the activities.

2. Connection to theory: The teacher will then make the connection between the practical activities and the theory of counting. They will explain that counting is an important skill that we use every day to solve problems and make decisions. Additionally, the teacher will reinforce the importance of counting sequentially and correctly, emphasizing that counting is a skill that can be practiced and improved. They may also mention different counting methods, such as countdowns, counting by jumps, or counting by skips, to enrich students' understanding of the subject.

3. Final reflection: To conclude the lesson, the teacher will propose that students reflect on what they learned. They will ask two simple questions, which students will answer individually. The questions may be:

   • 'What did you learn today about counting?'

   • 'How can you use what you learned today in your daily life?'

   The teacher will give a minute for students to think about the answers and then ask some volunteers to share their answers with the class. This final reflection will help consolidate learning and motivate students to apply what they learned in everyday situations.

4. Feedback: During the group discussion and final reflection, the teacher will take notes on students' responses and comments. These notes will be useful for the teacher to assess students' understanding of the topic and plan future activities.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary: The teacher will recap the main points covered during the lesson. They will remind students about the numerical sequence from 1 to 10, the importance of counting correctly, and the application of counting in everyday situations. The teacher may also review the counting strategies discussed during the practical activities, emphasizing the importance of counting sequentially and organized.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice: The teacher will explain how the lesson connected the theory of counting with practical activities. They will highlight how the activities allowed students to apply the concept of counting in a meaningful and playful way, helping them better understand the theory. The teacher may also mention how the counting strategies used by students during the activities reflect the theory discussed in the lesson.

3. Extra Materials: The teacher will suggest some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject. This may include interactive online games involving counting, children's books about numbers and counting, and educational videos that explore the concept of counting in a fun and engaging way. For example, the teacher may recommend the game 'Count and Jump,' available on some educational websites, where students can practice counting by jumping on virtual numbers.

4. Importance of the Subject: Finally, the teacher will highlight the importance of counting in everyday life. They will explain that counting is a fundamental skill for solving problems, making decisions, and better understanding the world around us. The teacher may mention examples of everyday situations where counting is used, such as counting ingredients for a recipe, counting the time to get somewhere, or counting money to make a purchase. They will also emphasize that counting is a skill that can be improved with practice and regular use.

The conclusion of the lesson is an important moment to consolidate learning, reinforce the relevance of the topic, and motivate students to continue exploring the subject. By the end of the lesson, students should have a clear understanding of the concept of counting and be excited to continue learning and practicing this skill.