Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Identify multiples of a natural number: The student should be able to identify the multiples of a natural number up to 100, using the concept of multiplication. They should be able to understand that a multiple is any number that can be obtained by multiplying the natural number by an integer.

2. Construct sequences of multiples of a natural number: The student should be able to construct ascending and descending sequences of multiples of a natural number. They should understand that, to construct an ascending sequence, they must multiply the natural number by consecutive positive integers, and to construct a descending sequence, they must multiply the natural number by consecutive negative integers.

3. Solve problems using multiples of a natural number: The student should be able to solve problems involving the identification and construction of sequences of multiples of a natural number. They should be able to apply the concept of multiples of a natural number to solve everyday and mathematical context problems.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher starts the lesson by reminding students about the concept of multiplication and the use of the multiplication table. Brief examples of everyday situations involving multiplication are presented, such as calculating the total number of candies in a box with 6 packs, each containing 8 candies. Students are encouraged to solve these problems together, reinforcing their understanding of multiplication.

2. Initial problem situations: The teacher proposes two problem situations that will serve as a hook for introducing the topic. The first situation involves arranging chairs in a room, where students must find out how many chairs are needed to accommodate 7 rows, each with 8 chairs. The second situation involves buying candies in a store, where students must calculate the total number of candies they could buy with a certain amount of money if each candy costs 5 cents.

3. Contextualization: The teacher explains that understanding the multiples of a natural number is important in various everyday situations. For example, when setting up tables for a picnic, it is essential to know how many people can be accommodated at a certain number of tables, each with a certain number of seats. Similarly, when shopping, it is useful to know how many products can be purchased with a certain amount of money.

4. Introduction of the topic: The teacher introduces the lesson topic, explaining that the multiples of a natural number are all the numbers that can be obtained by multiplying that number by other integers. He presents some multiples of a natural number, such as 2, 3, and 5, and asks students if they can identify a pattern. The teacher then reveals that these numbers are multiples of 1 and demonstrates that to obtain the multiples of a natural number, one only needs to multiply it by different integers.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity "Musical Multiplication": The teacher divides the class into groups of up to 5 students and proposes the following activity: each group will receive a popular children's song with the lyrics written on paper. They need to create a sequence of multiples of a natural number (for example, 3) using the song's lyrics. For each identified multiple, they should mark the number in the song's lyrics. The group that correctly marks the most multiples wins. This activity stimulates students' perception of numerical sequence formation and the recognition of multiples of a natural number.

2. Activity "Building Sequences with Blocks": The teacher provides each group with a set of building blocks of different colors. They must construct ascending and descending sequences of multiples of a natural number using the blocks. The natural number can be chosen by the teacher or by the group itself. For example, if the chosen number is 4, the ascending sequence would be 4, 8, 12, 16, ... and the descending sequence would be 4, -4, -8, -12, ... This activity allows students to visualize numerical sequences and develop the skill to construct them.

3. Activity "Square Game": The teacher draws a 3x3 grid on the classroom floor, and each square is numbered from 1 to 9. Each group of students receives a sheet of paper with the same grid and numbers. The objective of the game is for each group to mark the multiples of a natural number (randomly chosen) in the squares of their grid. The group that marks all the multiples first wins. This activity stimulates students' logical thinking, the ability to identify multiples, and the understanding of numerical sequences.

At the end of each activity, the teacher should promote a group discussion so that students can share their solutions and strategies. This allows them to learn from each other and promotes cooperation and mutual respect.

Feedback (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group discussion (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher gathers all students in a large circle and asks each group to share their discoveries, solutions, and strategies used during the activities. The teacher should promote a guided discussion, asking questions to check students' understanding of the concept of multiples of a natural number and numerical sequences. For example, "How did you decide which numbers were multiples of the natural number you chose?" or "Did you notice any patterns in the sequences you built?" The teacher should encourage all students to participate in the discussion, reinforcing the importance of listening to and respecting their peers' ideas.

2. Connection with theory (2 - 3 minutes): After the discussion, the teacher revisits the theoretical concepts presented at the beginning of the lesson and connects them with the practical activities carried out. He highlights how the activities helped reinforce students' understanding of the concept of multiples of a natural number and how they applied this concept to construct numerical sequences. The teacher can use examples from the activities to illustrate the theoretical concepts, making them more concrete and meaningful for students.

3. Reflection on learning (3 - 5 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher proposes that students reflect on what they have learned. He asks two simple questions that students should answer mentally. The first question is: "What did you learn today about multiples of a natural number?" The second question is: "How can you apply what you learned today in everyday situations?" The teacher gives students a minute to think about their answers and then invites some students to share their reflections with the class. The teacher should value all responses, reinforcing the importance of learning and applying mathematical knowledge in everyday life.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher gives a brief summary of the main points covered during the lesson. He reinforces the concept of multiples of a natural number, explaining that they are all the numbers that can be obtained by multiplying that number by other integers. Additionally, he highlights the construction of ascending and descending sequences of multiples of a natural number, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and applying this knowledge in various situations, both in mathematics and in everyday life. The teacher also mentions the practical activities carried out, showing how they contributed to the understanding and application of the content.

2. Connection between theory and practice (1 minute): The teacher explains that the lesson combined the theoretical presentation of the concept of multiples of a natural number with playful and contextualized activities, allowing students to explore, discover, and apply the content meaningfully. He emphasizes that theory and practice are complementary and that both are necessary for effective learning.

3. Extra materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher suggests some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject. He can indicate textbooks that cover the topic, educational websites with games and interactive activities on multiples, and explanatory videos available on the internet. The teacher can also suggest that students practice at home constructing sequences of multiples of different natural numbers using the multiplication table and mathematical logic.

4. Importance of the content (1 minute): Finally, the teacher highlights the importance of the studied content, explaining that knowledge about multiples of a natural number and the ability to construct numerical sequences are fundamental for the development of other mathematical skills, such as division, fractions, and proportions. Additionally, he emphasizes that these concepts are widely used in everyday life, in various practical situations, such as organizing spaces, buying products, reading schedules, among others. The teacher encourages students to continue exploring and applying what they have learned, reminding them that mathematics is present everywhere and that mathematical knowledge is a powerful tool for understanding and interacting with the world.