Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Introduce the concept of addition and subtraction in a playful and interactive way, encouraging student engagement.

2. Develop students' ability to solve addition and subtraction problems in a contextualized and meaningful manner.

3. Stimulate the practical application of learned mathematical concepts, encouraging the resolution of everyday problems involving addition and subtraction.

4. Foster cooperation and communication among students through group activities, promoting teamwork and socialization.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. The teacher starts the lesson by reminding students about the concept of numbers, emphasizing their importance in our daily lives. Questions like: 'When do we need numbers in our lives?' or 'Can you think of examples where we use numbers?' can be asked.

2. Next, the teacher presents two simple problem situations involving addition and subtraction. For example: 'If I had 3 marbles and I got 2 more, how many marbles do I have now?' and 'If I had 5 oranges and ate 2, how many oranges are left?'.

3. The teacher then contextualizes these situations with the students' daily lives, explaining that addition is used when we combine things or quantities, and subtraction when we take away or lose something. Examples like: 'If you have 2 apples and get 3 more, you have to add the apples to know how many you have now' and 'If you have 5 candies and give 2 to your friend, you have to subtract the candies you gave to know how many you still have' can be given.

4. To spark students' interest, the teacher can tell a brief story about how addition and subtraction were used to solve a real-life problem. For example, the story of how addition was used to count coins in a piggy bank and subtraction to know how many coins were taken out.

5. The teacher then introduces the lesson topic: Addition and Subtraction Problems. Explains that during the lesson they will learn to solve problems like the ones presented and that, by the end, they will be able to solve more complex addition and subtraction problems.

Development (15 - 20 minutes)

1. Activity: 'The Lost Treasure'

   • The teacher divides the class into groups of 4 to 5 students and gives each group a map of the treasure. This map contains a series of addition and subtraction problems to be solved.

   • Each addition or subtraction problem solved by the group reveals a coordinate for the treasure. The group that manages to solve the most problems and, consequently, discover the most coordinates, will be the winner and will find the treasure.

   • The teacher circulates around the room, assisting students when necessary and checking the progress of each group. At the end of the activity, the teacher gathers the class to discuss the solutions to the problems, reinforcing the concepts of addition and subtraction.

2. Activity: 'The Ants' Supermarket'

   • In this activity, the teacher distributes to each group a shopping list for an 'ants' supermarket'. The list contains items and their respective prices.

   • Students must use the concepts of addition and subtraction to calculate the total of each ant's purchase, noting the result on their sheets.

   • After calculating the total of each purchase, the groups must exchange their lists with another group. Now, they must check the calculations of the other group.

   • The teacher guides the students to correct the calculations, if necessary, and to politely communicate the error to the other group. This activity not only reinforces the concepts of addition and subtraction but also promotes teamwork and cooperation.

3. Activity: 'The Time Machine'

   • In this activity, the teacher presents an imaginary 'time machine' to the students. Each time the 'time machine' is activated, an addition or subtraction situation is presented to the students.

   • Students must use the concepts of addition and subtraction to solve the presented situation. For example: 'You had 7 candies and ate 3. How many candies are left?' or 'You had 4 pencils and received 2 more. How many pencils do you have now?'.

   • The teacher can make the activity more challenging by presenting situations involving larger numbers or requiring the solution of a subtraction with a minuend greater than the subtrahend (for example, 'You have 2 dollars and want to buy a toy that costs 5 dollars. How many dollars do you need to save?').

   • This activity helps to consolidate the concepts of addition and subtraction in a playful and interactive way.

The teacher can choose one or two of the above activities to be carried out in the classroom, depending on the available time. All activities are designed to be fun, engaging, and effective in teaching the concepts of addition and subtraction.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion

   • After completing the activities, the teacher gathers all students in a large circle for a group discussion. Each group must share a problem solution they have solved or a conclusion they have reached during the addition and subtraction activities.

   • The teacher encourages students to explain how they arrived at the solution, asking them to show their calculations or drawings, if applicable. This practice allows students to learn from each other and reinforce the discussed mathematical concepts.

   • During the discussion, the teacher should ask questions to verify students' understanding, such as: 'Why did you decide to add these numbers?', 'How did you know you had to subtract?', 'What is the difference between the addition and subtraction problems you solved?'.

2. Connection with Theory

   • After the group discussion, the teacher revisits the addition and subtraction concepts presented at the beginning of the lesson and connects them with the discussed problem solutions. The teacher can highlight how students applied these concepts in their solutions and how the group activities reinforced learning.

   • For example, the teacher can ask: 'How did you use addition in the 'The Lost Treasure' activity?' or 'How did the 'The Ants' Supermarket' activity help you understand subtraction?'.

3. Final Reflection

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher proposes that students reflect for a minute on what they have learned. He asks two simple questions to guide the reflection:

     • 'What was the most fun part of today's lesson and why?'

     • 'What did you learn about addition and subtraction that you didn't know before today's lesson?'

   • The teacher gives each student the opportunity to share their answers with the class, promoting the appreciation of different perspectives and learning experiences.

4. Teacher's Feedback

   • During the reflection and at the end of the lesson, the teacher provides positive feedback to students, reinforcing the strengths observed during the activities. He also identifies any areas that may need more practice or review, to guide the planning of future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary

   • The teacher starts the conclusion by recalling the main points covered during the lesson. He reinforces the idea that addition is used to combine things or quantities, while subtraction is used to take away or lose something.

   • The teacher highlights that students learned to solve addition and subtraction problems in a contextualized and meaningful way, through playful and interactive activities. He emphasizes that these skills are useful in everyday situations, such as shopping, counting objects, among others.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice

   • The teacher explains how the activities carried out during the lesson helped to connect theory with practice. He emphasizes that by solving addition and subtraction problems, students were able to directly apply the learned mathematical concepts, which helped them understand and internalize these concepts more effectively.

3. Additional Materials

   • The teacher suggests some additional materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of addition and subtraction. These may include interactive online games, explanatory videos, textbooks, or even activities to be carried out at home with the help of parents or guardians.

   • Some examples of materials may be:

     • Online games: 'Math for Kids' (available at https://www.matematicaparacriancas.com/)

     • Educational videos: 'Addition and Subtraction for Kids' (available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oa-3j5eV5Kk)

     • Books: 'Fun Math Problems for Kids' (available at https://www.amazon.com.br/Problemas-Matem%C3%A1ticos-Divertidos-para-Crian%C3%A7as/dp/8576651958)

   • The teacher emphasizes that these materials are only suggestions and that students are not required to use them. He also encourages students to explore other sources of learning they may find interesting.

4. Importance of Mathematics in Everyday Life

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher reinforces the importance of mathematics in everyday life. He explains that mathematics is a tool we use to solve problems and make decisions in many areas of our lives, from cooking and shopping to planning trips and managing finances.

   • The teacher can give concrete examples, such as: 'When you help mom with shopping at the supermarket, you are using addition and subtraction to add up the prices of products and subtract the money you have' and 'When you play hide and seek, you are using mathematics to count and subtract, for example, how many people still need to be found'.

   • He also emphasizes that mathematics can be fun and interesting, and that learning to solve mathematical problems can be a rewarding challenge.

Additional Resources

1. Interactive Games:

   • 'Math for Kids' (available at https://www.matematicaparacriancas.com/): This site offers a variety of interactive math games that help students practice their addition and subtraction skills in a fun and engaging way.

   • 'ABCYA' (available at https://www.abcya.com/): This site features educational games for children of all ages, including a section dedicated to math games that cover from basic concepts to more complex addition and subtraction problems.

2. Educational Videos:

   • 'Addition and Subtraction for Kids' (available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oa-3j5eV5Kk): This fun and lively video explains the concepts of addition and subtraction in a simple and easy-to-understand way.

   • 'Khan Academy' (available at https://www.khanacademy.org/): This site offers a wide range of free educational videos, including a section dedicated to math for children. The videos are divided by topics and difficulty levels, allowing students to choose the ones that best suit their needs.

3. Textbooks:

   • 'Fun Math Problems for Kids' (available at https://www.amazon.com.br/Problemas-Matem%C3%A1ticos-Divertidos-para-Crian%C3%A7as/dp/8576651958): This book presents fun and engaging math problems of addition and subtraction, helping students apply their knowledge in a practical way.

   • 'Fun Math' (available at https://www.amazon.com.br/Matem%C3%A1tica-Divertida-Karen-Bryant/dp/8539509530): This book combines magical stories, games, and puzzles to teach mathematical concepts, including addition and subtraction, in a fun and interesting way for students.

These additional resources can serve as a complement to the lesson plan, offering students the opportunity to deepen their knowledge of addition and subtraction and practice their skills in a playful and engaging way. The teacher can suggest that students explore these resources at home, with the help of an adult, to reinforce what they have learned in the classroom.