Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

• Main Objective 1: To have students identify and understand the three main parts of the human body: head, trunk, and limbs. This is the first step for them to recognize the basic structure of the human body and the importance of each of these parts.

• Main Objective 2: To develop students' ability to observe and describe the parts of the human body, promoting a better understanding of how this structure is organized and how it works.

• Main Objective 3: To encourage students to realize the relevance of studying the parts of the human body for understanding the functioning of their own body and, thus, to promote awareness of the importance of health and self-care.

• Secondary Objective 1: To stimulate students' participation, curiosity, and critical thinking through questions and discussions about the topic of the lesson.

• Secondary Objective 2: To promote interaction between students and the development of social skills through group activities.

The teacher should make it clear that the objectives of this lesson are fundamental for understanding the human body and that the knowledge acquired will be useful and applicable in everyday situations. He should also emphasize the importance of students' active participation during the lesson.

Introduction (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should begin by reminding students of the related content they have already learned, such as the different parts of an animal, for example. They can briefly discuss how these parts are used by animals to move, feed themselves, etc. This discussion can help set the stage for the introduction of the parts of the human body.

2. Presentation of problem situations: The teacher can then present two situations that illustrate the importance of knowing the parts of the human body:

   • Situation 1: Imagine you are playing hide-and-seek with your friends. You hide your body behind a tree, but leave your head and feet visible. Your friends can find you easily. Why?

   • Situation 2: At lunchtime, you raise your hand to grab the fork. How do you manage to do this without even thinking?

   These problem situations should arouse students' curiosity and encourage them to think about the importance of knowing the parts of the human body and how they work.

3. Contextualization of the importance of the subject: The teacher should emphasize that knowing the parts of the human body and how they work is essential for understanding our own body and taking good care of it. This can be illustrated with some practical examples, such as the importance of washing hands to prevent disease, or the need to exercise muscles to keep the body healthy.

4. Introduction of the topic: The teacher can then introduce the topic of the lesson, explaining that they are going to learn about the three main parts of the human body: head, trunk, and limbs. To make the introduction more interesting and engaging, the teacher can share some fun facts about the human body, such as:

   • Fun fact 1: Did you know that there are more than 600 muscles in the human body? They help us move, talk, and even blink!

   • Fun fact 2: The human body is so amazing that it can heal itself. When you get hurt, your body works to repair the damage and make you healthy again.

These fun facts can help capture students' interest and motivate them to learn more about the human body.

Development (25 - 30 minutes)

The focus of this part of the lesson plan is to provide detailed information on the three main parts of the human body, namely the head, trunk, and limbs. Students should be able to understand the importance of each part and its contribution to the functioning of the body as a whole.

Theory:

1. Part 1 - Head (8 - 10 minutes)

   The teacher should explain that the head is a very important part of the human body because it houses the brain, which controls all bodily functions. In addition, the head has several features that allow us to interact with the world around us, such as eyes for seeing, ears for hearing, a nose for smelling, and a mouth for speaking and eating. The teacher can use anatomical models, such as a model of a human head, to show students these parts in detail.

2. Part 2 - Trunk (8 - 10 minutes)

   Next, the teacher should explain that the trunk is the part of the body that connects the head to the limbs, and that it houses many vital organs, such as the heart and lungs in the chest; and stomach, liver, and intestines in the abdomen. The teacher can draw a silhouette of the human trunk on the board and mark the positions of these vital organs, briefly explaining their function.

3. Part 3 - Limbs (8 - 10 minutes)

   Finally, the teacher should explain that the limbs, i.e. arms and legs, are mainly used for mobility. Arms help us to grab things, write, eat, among other techniques, while legs are used to walk, run, jump, kick, etc. It should be explained that each part of the limb plays a particular role - for example, the hands are for grasping, while the feet provide stability.

Practice (15 - 20 minutes)

After completing the theoretical explanation, the teacher should start practical activities to reinforce the students' understanding.

1. Activity 1 - Limbs game (5 - 7 minutes)

   The teacher can organize a simple game in which students have to touch the body part that is called. This game helps students to quickly identify the parts of the body.

2. Activity 2 - Drawing the human body (10 - 12 minutes)

   In groups, students will be asked to draw a human body and label the three main parts. This activity helps to reinforce the knowledge of the human body parts and allows students to demonstrate what they have learned.

Upon completion of the presentation and practical activities, it is essential that the teacher collects the students' drawings and makes positive and constructive comments, congratulating them on their participation and performance.

FV

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

After carrying out the practical activities, the teacher should conduct the feedback stage, which aims to consolidate the students' learning, stimulate reflection, and verify that the learning objectives have been achieved.

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should promote a group discussion so that students can share the conclusions they reached in their group activities. Each group can present their drawing of the human body and explain how they identified and labeled the three main parts. During the discussion, the teacher should encourage students to compare their answers, identify similarities and differences, and learn from each other.

2. Connection to Theory (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should then summarize the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson and compare it to the students' conclusions. The teacher should highlight how the practical activity reinforces the theory on the three main parts of the human body: head, trunk, and limbs. He should again explain the importance of each part and how they contribute to the functioning of the body as a whole.

3. Reflection on Learning (2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should encourage students to reflect on what they have learned in the lesson. He can ask two simple questions to stimulate reflection:

   • Question 1: What did you discover about your body today that you didn't know before?

   • Question 2: Why is it important to know the parts of the human body and how they work?

The teacher can collect students' answers verbally or ask them to write their reflections on a piece of paper. This reflection stage helps students to consolidate their learning and understand the relevance of what they have learned.

At the end of the lesson, the teacher should reaffirm the importance of studying the human body and encourage students to continue exploring and learning about the subject. He should also thank the students for their participation and involvement during the lesson.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the conclusion by reviewing the main points covered during the lesson. He should reinforce the idea that the human body is made up of three main parts - head, trunk, and limbs - and that each of these parts has specific functions that contribute to the functioning of the body as a whole. The teacher can do a quick verbal quiz to test the students' memory of what was learned, asking questions like "Which part of the body contains the brain?" or "What vital organs are located in the trunk?".

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then explain how the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson was applied during the practical activities. He can highlight how the limbs game helped students to quickly identify the body parts and how the drawing of the human body allowed them to visualize and label the three main parts.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher can suggest some extra materials for the students to explore at home, such as children's books about the human body, educational videos online, or interactive apps that allow students to learn more about the human body in a fun and interactive way. These resources can help complement what was learned in class and further spark students' interest in the subject.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the relevance of studying the human body parts to the students' daily lives. He can explain that understanding how our body is organized and how it works helps us to take better care of our health and to appreciate the incredible work that our body does every day.

At the end of the lesson, it is important that the teacher reaffirms the school's commitment to providing a learning environment that is both fun and informative for students. It is also important to encourage students to continue exploring the world around them with curiosity and enthusiasm, as each new day brings with it a new opportunity for learning.