Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Main Objective: To teach students the notion of time, specifically about the concept of days, months, and years. This will be done through practical and interactive activities that will help students understand and measure time in a meaningful way.

2. Secondary Objective (1): To enable students to recognize and name the days of the week and the months of the year. This will be done through games and songs that will facilitate the memorization of these concepts.

3. Secondary Objective (2): To develop students' ability to calculate and estimate periods of time. This will be achieved through exercises involving the addition and subtraction of days, weeks, months, and years.

These objectives will be introduced and discussed with the students at the beginning of the lesson. The teacher will explain the importance of understanding time in our daily lives and how these concepts are applied in real situations.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher starts the lesson by briefly reviewing the content that was previously covered, such as numbers and basic addition and subtraction operations. This is important so that students can understand and apply the time concepts that will be presented.

2. Problem Situations: The teacher proposes two problem situations involving time. The first situation could be: 'If today is Monday, how many days are left until Saturday?' The second situation could be: 'If today is January 1st, which month will it be in 5 months?' The goal of these situations is to stimulate students to think about time and start the process of calculation and estimation.

3. Contextualization of the Subject's Importance: The teacher explains that time is an important part of our daily life. It allows us to know when things happen and how long they last. The teacher can give examples of real situations where knowledge about time is essential, such as planning a birthday, scheduling a medical appointment, or knowing when it's time to go to school.

4. Introduction to New Content: The teacher introduces the topic of the day, which is time. He can start by explaining that time is divided into days, months, and years. The teacher can use a large calendar on the wall to show students these divisions. He can also explain that there are different ways to measure time, such as the wall clock, the cell phone clock, the school clock, etc.

5. Capturing Students' Attention: To make the lesson more interesting and engage students, the teacher can share two curiosities related to time. The first curiosity could be: 'Did you know that a year on Earth has 365 days, but on other planets like Mars, a year can last up to 687 days?' The second curiosity could be: 'Did you know that in the past people didn't have clocks and used the Sun and the Moon to measure time? They divided the day into day and night, and the year into seasons like winter and summer.'

By the end of the introduction, students should be motivated and curious to learn more about time and how it is measured.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

The teacher proposes three practical and playful activities to help students understand and apply time concepts in a meaningful way. These activities are:

1. Creation of a Personal Calendar: For this activity, the teacher distributes sheets of paper, colored pencils, and markers to each student. He then instructs the students to draw a large circle on the sheet to represent the year. Inside the circle, they should divide the year into 12 equal parts to represent the months. Then, the teacher asks the students to mark important dates for them, such as birthdays, Christmas, vacations, etc. During the activity, the teacher can walk around the room, assisting students and reinforcing the idea that time is divided into months and years, and that we can mark important events on a calendar.

2. 'Who Am I?' Game: In this activity, the teacher divides the class into groups and hands out cards with the names of the days of the week and the months of the year to each group. One student from each group picks a card without looking and sticks it on their forehead or chest with the help of the teacher. The student then asks the group questions to try to figure out which name is on their card. For example, if the card they picked is 'Monday,' they can ask questions like 'Am I a day of the week that comes after Sunday?' or 'Am I a day of the week that comes before Tuesday?' The goal of the game is to help students memorize the names of the days of the week and the months of the year in a playful and fun way.

3. 'How Long Does It Last?' - The Time Game: This activity aims to help students understand the duration of different periods of time. The teacher proposes situations like: 'How long does it take to brush your teeth?'; 'How long does an episode of your favorite cartoon last?'; 'How long does it take to have lunch at school?'. Students, in groups, should discuss and estimate the time needed for each of these activities. The teacher then times and checks the answers. This activity helps students understand the passage of time and estimate periods of time more effectively.

Throughout these activities, the teacher should walk around the room, assisting students, promoting interaction among them, and asking questions to assess the understanding of the concepts presented.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: The teacher gathers all students in a large circle to discuss the solutions and answers to the activities carried out. He asks each group to share an interesting discovery they made during the game or during the creation of the calendar. The teacher also asks students to share their time estimates in the 'How Long Does It Last?' activity. During the discussion, the teacher reinforces the concepts learned, corrects any possible misunderstandings, and praises the effort and creativity of the students.

2. Connection to Theory: Next, the teacher makes the connection between the practical activities carried out and the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. He highlights how the 'Time Game' activity helped students better understand the duration of different periods of time, and how the creation of the personal calendar helped them visualize and organize the year into months and weeks. The teacher also reinforces the importance of knowledge about time in our daily lives.

3. Final Reflection: To conclude the lesson, the teacher proposes that students reflect for a minute on what they have learned. He asks two simple questions: 'What was easier to understand about time?' and 'What was harder to understand about time?'. Students can share their answers with the class if they feel comfortable. The teacher uses these reflections to assess the effectiveness of the lesson and to plan future activities that can deepen students' understanding of time.

4. Teacher's Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the students' feedback and understanding of the concepts through group discussions and final reflections. He observes if there is a need to revisit any concept or propose complementary activities. The teacher also notes if students are showing confidence in relation to time concepts and if they are able to apply them appropriately in the proposed activities.

This return stage is crucial to consolidate students' learning, promote reflection and metacognition, and ensure that the learning objectives of the lesson have been achieved.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents: The teacher starts the conclusion by summarizing the main points covered during the lesson. He reinforces that time is divided into days, months, and years, and that each of these periods has a specific duration. Additionally, he recalls the importance of being able to read and interpret a calendar, as well as the ability to calculate and estimate periods of time.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice: The teacher then explains how the practical activities carried out during the lesson helped illustrate and consolidate the theoretical concepts presented. He emphasizes how the creation of the personal calendar allowed students to visualize the division of time into days, weeks, months, and years, and how the 'Time Game' and the 'How Long Does It Last?' activity allowed students to apply these concepts in a practical way.

3. Extra Materials: To complement learning, the teacher suggests some extra materials for students. He may recommend children's books that talk about time, such as 'The Time and I' by Ruth Rocha, or 'The Four Seasons' by Cecília Meireles. Additionally, he may suggest educational websites and online games that help reinforce knowledge about time and practice time period calculations.

4. Importance of the Subject: Finally, the teacher emphasizes the importance of knowledge about time in our daily lives. He explains that knowing how to read time and understand the passage of time helps us organize our daily activities, plan future events, and understand the world around us. He can give practical examples, such as the importance of arriving at school on time, submitting a work on the due date, or celebrating birthdays and holidays.

5. Closure: The teacher concludes the lesson by thanking the participation and effort of all students and encouraging them to continue exploring the fascinating world of time. He reminds students that, as with all things, practice makes perfect, and that they will become better and better at measuring and understanding time with time and practice.