Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Dates and Time Periods

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to introduce the basic concepts of dates and time periods, establishing a solid foundation for students to understand how days, weeks, months, and years relate to each other. This is essential for the development of time organization skills and for understanding chronologies and temporal sequences in various contexts.

Main Objectives

1. Teach students to recognize the different periods of the day (morning, afternoon, night).

2. Help students identify and name the days of the week.

3. Develop the ability to recognize months and years, as well as the structure of a complete date, including day, month, and year.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to introduce the basic concepts of dates and time periods, establishing a solid foundation for students to understand how days, weeks, months, and years relate to each other. This is essential for the development of time organization skills and for understanding chronologies and temporal sequences in various contexts.

Context

Begin the class by asking students about their daily routines. Question: 'What do you do in the morning? And in the afternoon? And at night?'. Then, explain that these parts of the day have specific names and times. Show a clock and a calendar to aid visualization. Explain that the day is divided into morning, afternoon, and night and that the week is made up of seven days. Use a large calendar to show how days group into weeks and how weeks form months and years.

Curiosities

Did you know our calendar is based on Earth's movement around the Sun? A year has 365 days because that's how long it takes for Earth to make a complete orbit around the Sun. And did you know some months have 30 days, some have 31, and February has 28 or 29 days? This happens because a year is not exactly 365 days, but a bit more, so every four years we have a leap year with an extra day in February!

Development

Duration: (30 - 35 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' understanding of the concepts of periods of the day, days of the week, months, and building dates. Through detailed explanations and practical examples, students will be able to recognize and correctly use information about dates and time periods in their daily lives, developing time organization skills.

Covered Topics

1. Periods of the Day: Explain that the day is divided into three main parts: morning, afternoon, and night. Highlight common activities that occur in each period and use images or drawings to illustrate. 2. Days of the Week: Present the seven days of the week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Use a calendar to show how these days repeat each week. 3. Months of the Year: Explain that the year is composed of twelve months. Show a calendar and read the names of the months, highlighting that some months have 30 days, others 31, and February has 28 or 29 days. 4. Building Dates: Teach how to write a complete date, including the day, month, and year. Show practical examples and ask students to practice writing their own birth dates.

Classroom Questions

1. How many days are there in a week? List the days of the week in order. 2. How many months have 31 days? Name them. 3. Write today's full date (day/month/year).

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired during the class, allowing students to express their understandings and questions. Through discussion and engagement, the teacher can assess students' understanding and reinforce concepts that are still unclear, ensuring a solid grasp of time periods and dates.

Discussion

•  How many days are there in a week? List the days of the week in order. A week has seven days. The days of the week in order are: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday.

•  How many months have 31 days? Name them. Seven months have 31 days. They are: January, March, May, July, August, October, and December.

•  Write today's full date (day/month/year). Today's date can be written, for example, as 15/10/2023. Make sure that students write the day, month, and year correctly.

Student Engagement

1. ❓ What is your favorite day of the week? Why? Encourage students to share their favorite days and the reasons for it, promoting group discussion. 2. ❓ How many days are left until your birthday? Ask students to calculate how many days are left until their birthdays, using the calendar as a reference. 3. ❓ Can you remember any important event that happens in a specific month? Encourage students to remember holidays and important events that occur in certain months, such as Christmas in December or Children's Day in October.

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to summarize the main concepts covered in the lesson, reinforcing student learning. Additionally, the conclusion helps connect theory with practice, demonstrating the relevance of the topic in students' daily lives and ensuring they leave the lesson with a clear and applied understanding of the content.

Summary

• The periods of the day are divided into morning, afternoon, and night.
• A week consists of seven days: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday.
• A year consists of twelve months, with variations in the number of days among them.
• A complete date consists of day, month, and year.

The lesson connected theory with practice by using clocks and calendars to illustrate the concepts of time. Students practiced writing complete dates and identified periods of the day and days of the week in their daily routines, facilitating practical understanding of the information presented.

Understanding dates and time periods is fundamental for daily organization. Knowing how to identify days of the week helps in scheduling activities, while knowing the months of the year is essential for planning events and celebrations. Fun facts like leap years help contextualize the importance of the calendar in our lives.